Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the sample and bivariate associations between the two study groups
Variables | Total sample | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Non Holocaust Survivors group (N = 190, 62%) | Holocaust Survivors (N = 116, 38%) | Bivariate tests | ||
N (%) \ M (SD) | N (%) \ M (SD) | N (%) \ M (SD) | ||
Age | 81.6 (5.8) | 79.9 (5.4) | 84.2 (5.6) | t = -6.414 p < 0.001 |
Gender: | \({\chi }^{2}=0.09\) | |||
Female | 167 (54.9%) | 102 (54.3%) | 65 (56.0%) | p = 0.762 |
Male | 137 (45.1%) | 86 (45.7%) | 51 (44.0%) | |
High education (13 + years) | 187 (61.7%) | 129 (68.6%) | 58 (50.4%) | \({\chi }^{2}=9.98\) p = 0.001 |
COVID-19 anxiety | 3.4 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.3) | 3.7 (1.1) | t = -2.92 p = 0.004 |
Experiencing COVID-19 anxiety to a very great\great extent | 129 (42.7%) | 64 (33.9%) | 65 (57.5%) | \({\chi }^{2}=16.18\) p < .001 |
Self-perceived health | 3.9 (1.1) | 4.1 (3.4) | 3.4 (4.1) | t = 5.372 p < 0.001 |
Depression: | 129 (42.4%) | 87 (46.3%) | 42 (36.2%) | \({\chi }^{2}=6.38\) p = 0.041 |
None\no change | 115 (37.8%) | 72 (38.3%) | 43 (37.1%) | |
Increased | 60 (19.7%) | 29 (15.4%) | 31 (26.7%) | |
WTL scale | 3.4 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.6) | t = 0.497 p = 0.155 |
WTL change: | ||||
WTL weakened | 66 (22.0%) | 38 (20.2%) | 28 (25.0%) | \({\chi }^{2}=0.95\) |
WTL no change | 194 (64.7%) | 124 (66.0%) | 70 (62.5%) | p = 0.621 |
WTL strengthened | 40 (13.3%) | 26 (13.8%) | 14 (12.5%) | |