Table 3 Confirmatory factor analysis testing construct validity of the Gartland model (Gartland et al., 2011) but where item ARQ28 has been removed.

Individual domain

Confidence

  13

I feel hopeful about my life

1

  1

My life has a sense of purpose

0.850 (0.035)

 < .001

  6

I feel good about myself

0.945 (0.029)

 < .001

  7

If I have a problem I can work it out

0.834 (0.036)

 < .001

  18

I am confident that I can achieve what I set out to do

0.833 (0.032)

 < .001

  19

I am a person who can go with the flow

0.353 (0.046)

 < .001

  22

I feel confident that I can handle whatever comes my way

0.902 (0.033)

 < .001

  39

I feel confident to do things by myself

0.621 (0.045)

 < .001

Negative cognition

  20 ^r

I can´t stop worrying about my problems

1

  2^r

I worry about the future

0.752 (0.039)

 < .001

  5 ^r

My feelings are out of my control

0.818 (0.043)

 < .001

  8 ^r

I dwell on the bad things that happen

0.758 (0.044)

 < .001

  11 ^r

I tend to think the worst is going to happen

0.860 (0.036)

 < .001

  30 ^r

When things go wrong, I tend to give myself a hard time

0.811 (0.042)

 < .001

  32 ^r

I just can´t let go of bad feelings

0.923 (0.038)

 < .001

  38 ^r

If something upsets me it affects how I feel about everything

0.627 (0.045)

 < .001

Empathy/tolerance

  23

I am able to let go of things I can’t control

1

  3 ^r

I am easily frustrated with people

0.843 (0.084)

 < .001

  9

I am patient with people who can´t do things as well as I can

0.418 (0.079)

 < .001

  17 ^r

I get frustrated when people make mistakes

0.417 (0.079)

 < .001

  25 ^r

I push myself too hard to do what everyone else do

0.964 (0.083)

 < .001

  35

I think about other people’s feelings before I say things

0.256 (0.083)

.002

  37

Other people’s feelings are easy for me to understand

0.470 (0.083)

 < .001

Emotional insight

  16

If I cant´t handle something I find Help

1

  4

I take it easy on myself when I am not feeling well

0.772 (0.054)

 < .001

  10

I look for what I can learn out of bad things that happen

0.562 (0.058)

 < .001

  14

When I am feeling down, I take extra special care of myself

0.923 (0.051)

 < .001

  26

I can change my feelings by changing the way I see things

0.403 (0.061)

 < .001

  27

I try to find meaning in the things that happen to me

0.329 (0.061)

 < .001

  36

If I have a problem, I know there is someone I can talk to

0.997 (0.050)

 < .001

  40

I think things through carefully before making decisions

0.378 (0.062)

 < .001

Social skills

  29

I find it easy talking to people my age

1

  12 ^r

I feel helpless when faced with a problem

0.965 (0.056)

 < .001

  15

I can express my opinions when I am in a group

0.944 (0.052)

 < .001

  21 ^r

I find it hard to express myself to others

0.970 (0.051)

 < .001

  24 ^r

I have trouble explaining how I am feeling

0.929 (0.053)

 < .001

  31 ^r

I am a shy person

0.897 (0.053)

 < .001

  33

I can share my personal thoughts with others

0.913 (0.050)

 < .001

  34 ^r

I find it hard to make important decisions

0.729 (0.060)

 < .001

Family domain

Connectedness

  45

My family listens to me

1

  41

I do fun things with my family

0.913 (0.025)

 < .001

  42

I get to spend enough time with my family

0.743 (0.033)

 < .001

  43

My family understands my needs

0.987 (0.022)

 < .001

  44

We do things together as a family

0.938 (0.024)

 < .001

  46 ^r

People in my family expect too much of me

0.294 (0.048)

 < .001

  48

I enjoy spending time with my family

0.854 (0.028)

 < .001

  49

My family helps me to believe in myself and my abilities

0.983 (0.020)

 < .001

Availability

  51

I I have a problem there is someone in my family I can talk to

1

  47

There is someone in my family that I feel particularly close to

0.530 (0.043)

 < .001

  50

There is someone in my family I can talk about anything

0.863 (0.026)

 < .001

Peers domain

Connectedness

  66

I feel confident around people my age

1

  52

When I am down I have friends that help cheer me up

0.982 (0.049)

 < .001

  54

I have a group of friends that I keep in touch with regularly

0.903 (0.052)

 < .001

  57

I have friends who make me laugh

0.989 (0.056)

 < .001

  61

I get to spend enough time with my friends

0.857 (0.054)

 < .001

  63

I enjoy being around people my age

0.859 (0.045)

 < .001

  65

I have a friend I can trust with my private thoughts and feelings

0.768 (0.053)

 < .001

Availability

  53 ^r

I find it hard making friends

1

  55

Making new friends is easy

0.959 (0.026)

 < .001

  56 ^r

I feel left out of things

0.744 (0.034)

 < .001

  58

I am happy with my friendship group

0.808 (0.041)

 < .001

  59 ^r

I find it hard to stay friends with people

0.719 (0.037)

 < .001

  60 ^r

I prefer to do things on my own

0.334 (0.047)

 < .001

  62 ^r

I wish I had more friends I felt close to

0.629 (0.038)

 < .001

  64 ^r

I feel shy around people my age

0.827 (0.031)

 < .001

School domain

Supportive environment

  67

My teachers are caring and supportive of me

1

  68

I have a teacher that I feel looks out for me

0.756 (0.049)

 < .001

  71

My teachers provide me with extra helo if I need it

0.866 (0.044)

 < .001

  73

There is an adult at school I could talk to if I had a personal problem

0.870 (0.051)

 < .001

  77

I get involved with school activities

0.769 (0.051)

 < .001

  78

I feel that what I say counts at school

0.997 (0.051)

 < .001

  79

At school students help to decide and plan things like school activities and events

0.646 (0.052)

 < .001

  81

My teachers notice when I am doing a good job and let me know

0.757 (0.054)

 < .001

Connectedness

  76

I enjoy going to school

1

  69 ^r

I hate going to school

0.981 (0.034)

 < .001

  70

I try hard in school

0.441 (0.054)

 < .001

  72

I join class discussions

0.917 (0.041)

 < .001

  74 ^r

My teachers expect too much of me

0.164 (0.059)

.005

  75

I participate in class

0.867 (0.042)

 < .001

  80 ^r

I am bored at school

0.631 (0.046)

 < .001

  82

Getting good marks is important to me

0.317 (0.056)

 < .001

Community domain

Connectedness

  83

I trust people in my neighbourhood

1

  84

I like my neighbourhood

0.933 (0.032)

 < .001

  85

There is an adult in my neighbourhood I could talk to about a problem

0.802 (0.039)

 < .001

  86

People in my neighbourhood are caring

0.993 (0.027)

 < .001

  87

People in my neighbouhood treat other people fairly

0.765 (0.041)

 < .001

  88

The people in my neighbourhood look out for my

0.891 (0.033)

 < .001