Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics

Gender

  Female

n = 604

44.2%

n = 165

46.9%

0

χ²(1) = .820

p = .365

  Male

n = 763

55.8%

n = 187

53.1%

Age

  Mean

49.03

44.26

0

W = 205,028

p < .001

.148 [CI .078-.214]

  Standard deviation

19.982

19.554

Age (by age group)

   ≤ 40

n = 519

38.0%

n = 180

51.1%

a

0

χ²(2) = 20.828

p < .001

.110

  41–60

n = 481

35.2%

n = 104

29.5%

b

   > 60

n = 367

26.8%

n = 68

19.3%

b

Marital status

  Single

n = 690

53.0%

n = 190

55.6%

n = 74

4.3%

χ²(4) = 1.688

p = .793

  Married

n = 273

21.0%

n = 62

18.1%

  Widowed

n = 143

11.0%

n = 37

10.8%

  Divorced

n = 155

11.9%

n = 40

11.7%

  Living apart

n = 42

3.2%

n = 13

3.8%

Relationship

  Yes

n = 460

39.0%

n = 120

39.9%

n = 239

13.9%

χ²(1) = .073

p = .787

  No

n = 719

61.0%

n = 181

60.1%

Children

  Yes

n = 536

47.6%

n = 133

43.3%

n = 285

16.6%

χ²(1) = 1.741

p = .187

  No

n = 591

52.4%

n = 56,7

56.7%

Migration background

  Yes

n = 409

30.1%

n = 127

36.1%

n = 7

0.4%

χ²(1) = 4.690

p = .030

.052

  No

n = 951

69.9%

n = 225

63.9%

Living situation

  Alone

n = 498

38.8%

n = 121

35.5%

n = 95

5.5%

χ²(4) = 6.748

p = .150

  Family/ partner

n = 463

36.1%

n = 129

37.8%

  Community

n = 51

4.0%

n = 6

1.8%

  Assisted accommodation

n = 188

14.7%

n = 61

17.9%

  Emergency accommodation/ homeless

n = 83

6.5%

n = 24

7.0%

School education

  No graduation

n = 134

17.4%

n = 43

18.4%

n = 713

41.5%

χ²(3) = 4.471

p = .215

  Lower secondary school

n = 256

33.2%

n = 71

30.3%

  Higher secondary school

n = 159

20.6%

n = 62

26.5%

  A-levels

n = 223

28.9%

n = 58

24.8%

Professional education

  None

n = 354

38.1%

n = 121

45.5%

a

n = 523

30.4%

χ²(3) = 12.720

p = .005

.103

  Apprenticeship

n = 353

38.0%

n = 104

39.1%

a

  Master apprenticeship

n = 102

11.0%

n = 12

4.5%

b

  University

n = 121

13.0%

n = 29

10.9%

a, b

Professional situation

  Employed

n = 197

17.1%

n = 44

14.7%

a

n = 266

15.5%

χ²(4) = 11.522

p = .021

.089

  Unemployed

n = 396

34.3%

n = 130

43.3%

a

  Homemaker

n = 72

6.2%

n = 12

4.0%

a

  Retired

n = 436

37.8%

n = 96

32.0%

a

  In training

n = 52

4.5%

n = 18

6.0%

a

Degree of employment

  None

n = 972

87.8%

n = 263

88.3%

n = 314

18.3%

χ²(2) = 1.461

p = .482

  Full time

n = 103

9.3%

n = 30

10.1%

  Part time

n = 32

2.9%

n = 5

1.7%

Main source of income

  Employment

n = 188

17.9%

n = 48

16.9%

n = 386

22.5%

χ²(4) = 6.234

p = .182

  Pension

n = 418

39.8%

n = 94

33.1%

  Own assets

n = 5

0.5%

n = 2

0.7%

  Unemployment benefits

n = 374

35.7%

n = 117

41.2%

  Alimony

n = 64

6.1%

n = 23

8.1%