Table 2 Bivariate and multivariable analysis of factors associated with cluster B personality disorders among psychiatric outpatients in Jimma medical center, Southwest Ethiopia

Educational status

   College & above

36(19.3)

151(80.7)

1

1

   9-12^th grade

35(24.5)

108(75.5)

1.35(0.80–2.30)

1.34 (0.72–2.51)

   1-8^th grade

3(25)

9(75)

1.39(0.36–5.42)

2.43 (0.56–10.6)

   Unable to read & write

19(32.2)

40(67.8)

1.99(1.03–3.84)

3.28 (1.43–7.52) ^a

Occupational status

   Yes

26(14.5)

153(85.5)

1

1

   No

67(30.2)

155(69.8)

2.54(1.54–4.21

2.32(1.19–4.49) ^a

Psychiatric diagnosis

   Schizophrenia

21(16.2)

109(83.8)

1

1

   Others psychotic d/o

2(25.3)

9(74.7)

1.15(0.23–5.72)

2.97 (0.53–16.77)

   Bipolar-I disorders

25(25.3)

74(74.7)

1.75(0.96–3.36)

2.94 (1.37–6.30) ^a

   Major depression

45(28)

116(72)

2.01(1.13–3.59)

3.72 (1.52–9.10) ^a

Mean duration of Illness (SD =  ± 73.4)

    < 101.29 months

54(29.2)

131(70.8)

1

1

    ≥ 101.29 months

39(18.1)

177(81.9)

1.87(1.17–2.99)

2.44(1.33–4.47) ^a

Mean number of relapses (SD =  ± 0.49)

    < 1.54 times

27(14.7)

157(85.3)

1

1

    ≥ 1.54 times

66(30.4)

151(69.6)

2.91(1.74–4.83)

2.06(1.17–3.62) ^a

History of family mental illness

   No

47(18.1)

212(81.9)

1

1

   Yes

46(32.4)

96(67.6)

2.16(1.35–3.47)

2.24(1.01–4.96) ^a

Suicidal attempt

   No

72(21.4)

265(78.6)

1

1

   Yes

21(32.8)

43(67.2)

1.79(1.00–3.22)

2.24(1.01–4.96) ^a

Alcohol(R)^b

   No

81(22.0)

288(78.0)

1

1

   Yes

12(37.5)

20(62.5)

2.13(1.00–4.54)

2.86(1.34–6.11) ^a

Cannabis(R)^b

   No

80(21.9)

285(78.1)

1

1

   Yes

13(36.1)

23(63.9)

2.4(0.96–4.15)

4.38(1.61–11.95) ^a

Mean age at substance using started (SD =  ± 9.46)

    ≥ 17.79 years

9(11.7)

68(88.3)

1

1

    < 17.79 years

84(25.9)

240(74.1)

0.38(0.18–0.79)

4.42(1.51–12.96) ^a