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Table 1 Characteristics of the full cohort and of individuals with specific psychiatric and neurological disorders

From: Temporally ordered associations between type 2 diabetes and brain disorders – a Danish register-based cohort study

 

Brain disorder casesa

n (%)

Type 2 diabetes casesb

n (%)

Female sex

n (%)

Age (years) at first diagnosis

Mean (SD)

Age (years) at end of follow-upc

Mean (SD)

Parental history of psychiatric disorder

n (%)

Parental history of

type 2 diabetes

n (%)

Total study population (n = 1,883,198)

–

67,660 (3.6)

909,341 (48.3)

–

46.6 (8.4)

260,463 (13.8)

102,382 (5.4)

Psychiatric disorders

 OCD

6856 (0.4)

327 (4.8)

4209 (61.4)

45.1 (7.7)

42.7 (7.8)

1621 (23.6)

504 (7.4)

 ASD

3594 (0.2)

184 (5.1)

1145 (31.9)

32.9 (9.4)

42.0 (7.8)

834 (23.2)

244 (6.8)

 Anorexia nervosa

4846 (0.3)

95 (2.0)

4592 (94.8)

30.5 (12.4)

41.8 (7.6)

1023 (21.1)

275 (5.7)

 Other eating disorder

7646 (0.4)

354 (4.6)

7286 (95.3)

23.8 (8.6)

40.6 (6.6)

1694 (22.2)

579 (7.6)

 Substance use disorder

138,410 (7.3)

9456 (6.8)

49,432 (35.7)

27.8 (8.6)

46.4 (8.5)

33,167 (24.0)

9564 (6.9)

 Schizophrenia spectrum disorder

33,603 (1.8)

3082 (9.2)

14,037 (41.8)

33.0 (11.5)

46.4 (8.5)

9704 (28.9)

2389 (7.1)

 Major depressive disorder

73,497 (3.9)

5048 (6.9)

44,532 (60.6)

30.5 (9.4)

46.1 (8.3)

17,849 (24.3)

4997 (6.8)

 Bipolar disorder

12,397 (0.7)

936 (7.6)

7056 (56.9)

36.2 (9.5)

47.2 (8.4)

3535 (28.5)

691 (5.6)

 Anxiety

47,922 (2.5)

2906 (6.1)

28,556 (59.6)

37.1 (9.8)

45.2 (8.2)

12,291 (25.6)

3497 (7.3)

 Personality disorder

55,572 (3.0)

4075 (7.3)

32,715 (58.9)

35.2 (9.7)

45.6 (8.5)

15,798 (28.4)

3969 (7.1)

 ADHD

10,523 (0.6)

443 (4.2)

4178 (39.7)

30.0 (8.8)

41.2 (6.8)

3138 (29.8)

969 (9.2)

Neurological disorders

 Inflammatory brain diseases

7777 (0.4)

424 (5.5)

3516 (45.2)

27.1 (16.6)

45.2 (8.4)

1296 (16.7)

490 (6.3)

 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

544 (0.0)

28 (5.1)

209 (38.4)

44.5 (9.7)

50.0 (7.7)

64 (11.8)

25 (4.6)

 Epilepsy

39,634 (2.1)

2238 (5.6)

18,445 (46.5)

26.9 (14.4)

46.0 (8.3)

7405 (18.7)

2733 (6.9)

 Multiple sclerosis

9860 (0.5)

375 (3.8)

6672 (67.7)

36.9 (8.7)

48.0 (7.8)

1322 (13.4)

575 (5.8)

 Migraine

35,799 (1.9)

1540 (4.3)

26,018 (72.7)

34.5 (11.0)

46.9 (8.0)

6070 (17.0)

2006 (5.6)

  1. aNumber of cases refer to those in the total study population during follow-up and not all cases are included in the separate analyses examining the temporal order of type 2 diabetes and brain disorder. Note that groups of brain disorders are not mutually exclusive, i.e. individuals may have several brain disorder diagnoses before end of follow-up
  2. bType 2 diabetes are only considered after age 30, i.e. individuals that were only diagnosed or treated with oral antidiabetics before age 30 were not included as type 2 diabetes cases
  3. cAge at end of follow-up equals age at death. Emigration, or end of study, whichever comes first. Note that the varying age at end of follow-up is accounted for in the statistical analyses but not in the descriptive table
  4. Abbreviations: ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ASD: Autism spectrum disorder. OCD: Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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