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Table 2 Frequency distributions of chronic paina, perceived overall health and impaired daily functioning due to longstanding illness

From: Chronic pain, mental health and functional impairment in adult refugees from Syria resettled in Norway: a cross-sectional study

 

Chronic paina (%)

Perceived general health (%)

Impaired functioning (%)

No

Some

Severe

χ2

Very good/good

Fair/poor/very poor

χ2

No

Some/a lot

χ2

Total sample

 

19.8

37.1

43.1

 

60.1

39.9

 

65.1

34.9

 

Gender

Men

22.3

37.5

40.2

0.013

63.0

37.0

0.022

65.8

34.2

0.605

Women

15.2

36.2

48.6

 

54.9

45.1

 

64.0

36.0

 

Age

18–29 yrs

31.3

37.4

31.3

< 0.001

77.9

22.1

< 0.001

80.6

19.4

< 0.001

30–39 yrs

22.6

39.5

37.9

 

67.5

32.5

 

70.4

29.6

 

40–49 yrs

15.5

37.2

47.3

 

56.4

43.6

 

65.4

34.7

 

 ≥ 50

6.8

31.7

61.5

 

30.4

69.6

 

39.1

60.9

 

Education

 ≤ 9 yrs

15.5

37.5

47.0

0.061

54.3

45.7

0.007

60.1

39.9

0.028

10–12 yrs

22.6

36.8

40.6

 

61.9

38.1

 

67.7

32.3

 

 > 12 yrs

23.3

37.1

39.6

 

65.8

34.2

 

70.0

30.0

 

Marital status

Unmarried

28.2

35.9

35.9

< 0.001

70.6

29.4

< 0.001

70.9

29.1

0.005

Married/partner

18.6

37.9

43.5

 

58.4

41.6

 

65.0

35.0

 

Divorced/widowed

2.9

33.3

63.8

 

38.7

61.3

 

48.4

51.6

 

Refugee status

Asylum seeker

21.6

39.1

39.3

0.211

61.5

38.5

0.806

69.7

30.3

0.098

Quota refugee

16.7

35.2

48.1

 

59.2

40.8

 

61.5

38.5

 

Family reunion

21.1

36.0

42.9

 

61.9

38.1

 

67.8

32.2

 

Year immigration

2010–2015

20.9

37.3

41.8

0.024

61.6

38.4

0.042

66.8

33.2

0.103

2016

16.8

28.5

54.7

 

51.3

48.7

 

57.8

42.2

 

2017

19.6

41.9

38.5

 

63.5

36.5

 

67.9

32.1

 

PTE-AR

 < 0.20

30.2

39.0

30.8

< 0.001

70.9

29.1

< 0.001

79.9

20.1

< 0.001

0.20–0.29

25.6

37.2

37.2

 

70.1

29.9

 

73.0

27.0

 

0.30–0.39

20.5

40.4

39.1

 

62.8

37.3

 

67.7

32.4

 

 ≥ 0.40

14.9

34.7

50.4

 

51.9

48.1

 

55.8

44.2

 

HSCLb-anxiety

No

26.8

43.0

30.2

< 0.001

71.9

28.1

< 0.001

78.7

21.3

< 0.001

Yes

5.4

25.1

69.5

 

34.6

65.4

 

35.5

64.5

 

HSCLc-depression

No

28.1

45.1

26.8

< 0.001

75.5

24.5

< 0.001

81.2

18.8

< 0.001

Yes

8.0

25.2

66.8

 

36.7

63.3

 

40.0

60.0

 

HTQd-PTSD

No

27.2

43.5

29.3

< 0.001

73.2

26.8

< 0.001

79.7

20.3

< 0.001

Yes

6.3

25.6

68.1

 

34.1

65.9

 

36.3

63.7

 
  1. PTE-AR Potentially Traumatic Experiences-Adversity Ratio
  2. a Chronic pain (CP) was measured through 10 items answered on a 3-point Likert scale (no/somewhat/very troubled) and categorized into 3 groups: no CP (“no” on all 10 items); some CP (“somewhat troubled” on at least one item and no item as “very troubled”); and severe CP (“very troubled” on at least one item). All items asked about pain lasting for at least 3 months in the last year
  3. b Mean-item score on HSCL anxiety subscale > 1.75
  4. c Mean-item score on HSCL depression subscale > 1.80
  5. d Mean-item score on HTQ ≥ 2.06
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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