Table 2 Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals of predictors of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria

Characteristics

Age

 Less than 35

1

 35 and above

0.90 (0.63–1.29)

0.558

Education

 Primary or less

1

 Secondary

0.76 (0.34–1.69)

0.500

 Tertiary or higher

0.73 (0.34, 1.59)

0.426

Religion

 Christianity

1

1

 Islam

0.55 (0.41–0.75)

< 0.001

0.60 (0.40–0.92)

0.019

Marital status

 Single

1

 Ever married

0.91 (0.51–1.63)

0.754

Income (monthly income in naira)

 Less than 20,000

1

 20,000-99,999

1.02 (0.75–1.39)

0.914

 100,000 and above

1.23 (0.69–2.17)

0.481

Household wealth

 Poorest

1

1

 Middle

1.29 (0.90–1.86)

0.161

1.20 (0.74–1.95)

0.455

 Richest

1.53 (1.08–2.18)

0.017

1.33 (0.83–2.12)

0.238

Parity

 Nullipara

1

 1–3

1.28 (0.95–1.71)

0.108

 4 and above

1.37 (0.74–2.53)

0.309

BMI

 Not obese

1

 Obese

1.39 (0.99–1.95)

0.055

History of stillbirth

 No

1

 Yes

1.18 (0.75–1.86)

0.478

 No

1

1

 Yes

2.77 (1.97–3.90)

< 0.001

1.24 (0.82–1.87)

0.141

History of miscarriage

 No

1

 Yes

0.91 (0.64–1.29)

0.581

Tobacco exposure

 No

1

1

 Yes

2.60 (1.47–4.62)

0.001

1.26 (0.61–2.61)

0.613

Pre-pregnancy alcohol use

 No

1

1

 Yes

12.02 (8.49–17.02)

< 0.001

10.72 (6.88–16.70)

< 0.001

Grand multigravida

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.78 (1.20–2.63)

0.004

1.39 (0.86–2.26)

0.179