Table 4 Prevalence of combined exposure to alcohol and tobacco, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the associated factors among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria

Overall Prevalence

17 (1.0%)

1728 (99.0%)

Age

 Less than 35

17 (1.2)

1372 (98.8)

1

 35 and above

0 (0.0)

356 (100.0)

Education

 Primary or less

0 (0.0)

49 (100.0)

1

 Secondary

5 (1.0)

499 (99.0)

1.07 (0.37–4.70)

0.926

 Tertiary

11 (0.9)

1177 (99.1)

1

Religion

 Christianity

12 (1.2)

998 (98.8)

1

 Islam

5 (0.7)

721 (99.3)

1.237 (0.75–2.04)

0.404

Marital status

 Single

2 (2.0)

100 (98.0)

1

 Married

15 (0.9)

1628 (99.1)

0.46 (0.10–2.04)

0.308

Monthly income in naira)

 Less than 20,000

6 (1.0)

577 (99.0)

1

 20,000-99,999

9 (1.1)

834 (98.9)

1.04 (0.37–2.93)

0.944

 100,000 and above

1 (0.9)

107 (99.1)

0.9 (0.11–7.54)

0.922

Household wealth

 Poorest

7 (1.2)

576 (98.8)

1

 Middle

4 (0.7)

576 (99.3)

0.57 (0.17–1.96)

0.374

 Richest

6 (1.0)

576 (99.0)

0.86 (0.29–2.57)

0.783

Parity

 Nullipara

10 (1.3)

750 (98.7)

1

 1–3

7 (0.8)

875 (99.2)

1.13 (0.67–1.90)

0.641

 4 and above

0 (0.0)

95 (100.0)

1.24 (0.42–3.64)

0.694

BMI

 Not obese

13 (1.0)

1355 (99.0)

1

 Obese

4 (1.2)

324 (98.2)

1.29 (0.42–3.97)

0.661

History of stillbirth

 No

11 (1.1)

990 (98.9)

1

 Yes

2 (1.2)

163 (98.8)

1.10 (0.24–5.03)

0.898

 No

5 (0.6)

864 (99.4)

1

 Yes

8 (2.8)

281 (97.2)

4.91 (1.60–15.2)

0.006

 No

13 (1.5)

1355 (99.0)

1

 Yes

1 (0.3)

385 (99.7)

1.70 (0.02–2.30)

0.088