General psychiatric symptoms among Bangladeshi people approximately one year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 4 Hierarchical regression analysis predicting anxiety

Variables	*Model 1*				*Model 2*				*Model 3*
Variables	B	SE	β	t	B	SE	β	t	B	SE	β	t	ΔR²	R²_Adj
Block 1 - Socio-demographics (F_(5,998) = 12.49; p < 0.001)													0.06	0.05
Age	0.05	0.02	0.08	2.25*	0.03	0.02	0.05	1.23	0.04	0.02	0.07	2.38*
Marital status^a	0.34	0.26	0.04	1.28	0.31	0.26	0.04	1.19	−0.11	0.20	−0.02	− 0.58
Education^b	−0.21	0.39	−0.02	− 0.54	− 0.24	0.40	− 0.02	− 0.60	0.20	0.29	0.02	0.66
Chronic health conditions^c	−1.50	0.37	−0.13	−4.04***	− 1.63	0.38	− 0.14	−4.33***	− 0.16	0.29	− 0.01	− 0.55
Self-reported health status^d	1.43	0.29	0.15	4.91***	0.91	0.34	0.10	2.70**	0.37	0.25	0.04	1.45
Block 2 – Lifestyle factors (F_(12,991) = 7.53; p < 0.001)													0.03	0.07
Worry due to COVID-19^c					−0.80	0.32	−0.08	−2.50*	− 0.16	0.25	− 0.02	− 0.65
Decreased household income due to COVID-19^c					−0.18	0.33	−0.02	−0.55	0.06	0.25	0.01	0.25
Unemployment of family members due to COVID-19^c					−0.49	0.35	−0.05	−1.41	− 0.10	0.26	− 0.01	−0.38
Food scarcity^c					−0.40	0.37	−0.04	−1.07	− 0.18	0.28	− 0.02	−0.65
Physical exercise^c					0.59	0.29	0.06	1.99*	−0.07	0.22	− 0.01	− 0.30
Social media use^d					0.27	0.14	0.06	1.87	−0.09	0.11	− 0.02	−0.80
Self-reported quality of life^e					0.67	0.35	0.07	1.93	0.25	0.26	0.03	0.97
Block 3 – Psychiatric symptoms (F_(16,987) = 61.52; p < 0.001)													0.42	0.49
Loneliness									0.47	0.07	0.19	7.10***
Fear of COVID-19									0.10	0.02	0.12	4.66***
Depression									0.44	0.02	0.49	19.55***
Insomnia									0.10	0.02	0.15	5.51***

B Unstandardized regression coefficient, SE Standard error, β Standardized regression coefficient; ^a1 = Unmarried, 2 = Married, 3 = In a relationship; ^b1 = Below university, 2 = University; ^c1 = Yes, 2 = No; ^d1 = Not at all, 2 = Rarely, 3 = Sometime, 4 = Often, 5 = Always; ^e1 = Good, 2 = Poor. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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