Table 2 Design decisions used in included studies (n = 38)
Design decision | n |
|---|---|
Study design | |
 Cohort study | 19 |
 Case control study | 17 |
 Crossover trial | 1 |
 Randomized repeated measures crossover design | 1 |
Sample size | |
 Mean | 73.6 |
 SD | 74.7 |
Data collection setting | |
 Hospital | 3 |
 Community | 34 |
Recruitment setting | |
 Hospital | 3 |
 Community | 30 |
 Hospital and community | 2 |
ESM Protocol | |
 Event-contingent | 0 |
 Signal-contingent assessments | 27 |
 Time-contingent assessments | 7 |
 Stratified | 3 |
Type of prompt | |
 Auditory (beep) | 2 |
 Vibrate | 25 |
 Auditory (beep) and vibrate | 0 |
Technology used | |
 Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) | 16 |
 Smartphone application | 14 |
 Data collection platform | 5 |
 Electronic device | 3 |
Device ownership | |
 Provided by researcher | 34 |
 Participants provided with device if they didn’t have one | 2 |
Time taken to complete measures (minutes) | |
 Mean | 3.5 |
 SD | 1.22 |
Type of data being collected | |
 Experience data | 12 |
 Context data | 0 |
 Behavioural data | 1 |
 Cognitive data | 1 |
 Experience and context data | 11 |
 Experience and behavioural data | 6 |
 Experience, context and behavioural data | 0 |
 Behavioural and context data | 2 |
 Experience, context, behavioural and cognitive data | 0 |
Design of the questionnaire | |
 Derived from validated scale/scales | 6 |
 Uses non validated scales | 19 |
 Combination of both | 8 |
Other data collected | |
 Yes | 9 |
 No | 29 |
Total length of time per day sampling took place (hours) | |
 Mean | 12.3 |
 SD | 1.3 |
Questionnaire availability (minutes) | |
 Mean | 16.4 |
 SD | 13.2 |
Data collection frequency (Number of prompts per day) | |
 Mean | 6.8 |
 SD | 2.7 |
Study duration (days) | |
 Mean | 9.3 |
 SD | 7.8 |
Terminology used | |
 Experience Sampling Methods or ESM | 23 |
 Ecological Momentary Assessment or EMA | 12 |
 Ambulatory assessment | 0 |
 EMAc | 1 |
 Mobile phone based assessment | 1 |
 Self assessment | 0 |
 Computerised ambulatory monitoring | 1 |
Data access | |
 Researchers | 37 |
 Participants | 0 |
 Researchers, Participants and clinicians | 1 |
Accepted response rate (%) | |
 Mean | 27.8 |
 SD | 9.0 |
Contact with research team during data collection | |
 Researcher initiated | 16 |
 Participant initiated | 1 |
 Both | 5 |
Participant training | |
 Yes | 33 |
 No | 0 |
Additional support | |
 Initial contact after commencing data collection | 5 |
 Initial contact after commencing data collection + technical support on request | 5 |
 Initial contact after commencing data collection + additional support on request | 1 |
 Technical support on request | 3 |
 Technical support on request + motivational support + emotional support | 1 |
 Motivational support + technical support | 1 |
 Initial contact after commencing data collection + motivational support | 2 |
 Motivational support | 4 |
 Initial contact after commencing data collection + technical support + motivational support | 1 |
Participant reimbursement (£) | |
 Mean | 60.7 |
 SD | 38.7 |
Data completeness % | |
 Mean | 76.8 |
 SD | 15.2 |