Skip to main content

Table 3 Stratified analysis by the use of childcare facilities

From: Association of maternal psychological distress and the use of childcare facilities with children's behavioral problems: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

 

Use of childcare facilities (n = 2,924)

None

Prenatal only

Postnatal only

Both

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

Externalizing problem

Ref

1.86 (1.37–2.51)

1.84 (1.35–2.50)

2.25 (1.61–3.11)

2.31 (1.65–3.22)

3.57 (2.74–4.66)

3.47 (2.64–4.57)

Internalizing problem

Ref

2.16 (1.61–2.89)

2.03 (1.50–2.74)

2.1 (1.49–2.91)

2.08 (1.48–2.93)

3.47 (2.66–4.52)

3.31 (2.51–4.36)

Total problem

Ref

2.93 (1.82–4.67)

2.83 (1.76–4.55)

3.01 (1.77–5.01)

2.97 (1.76–5.00)

5.35 (3.57–8.09)

5.22 (3.43–7.95)

 

No use of childcare facilities (n = 3,335)

Externalizing problem

Ref

1.40 (1.04–1.87)

1.33 (0.99–1.79)

3.03 (2.26–4.03)

2.83 (2.11–3.80)

3.19 (2.74–4.66)

2.91 (2.64–4.57)

Internalizing problem

Ref

2.13 (1.64–2.75)

2.07 (1.59–2.70)

3.33 (2.51–4.38)

3.18 (2.39–4.22)

4.39 (3.46–5.58)

4.27 (3.34–5.46)

Total problem

Ref

2.30 (1.46–3.57)

2.04 (1.30–3.20)

4.39 (2.83–6.76)

3.91 (2.51–6.08)

6.38 (3.73–7.97)

5.45 (3.73–7.97)

 

P-value for interaction

Externalizing problem

Ref

0.200

0.280

0.634

Internalizing problem

Ref

0.976

0.064

0.210

Total problem

Ref

0.466

0.366

0.610

  1. 95% CI 95% confidence interval, OR Odds ratio
  2. aAdjusted for maternal age at delivery, parity, educational attainment, household income, maternal alcohol intake, maternal cigarette smoking, paternal cigarette smoking, child's sex