Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 797 women with postpartum depression (PPD) and 39 women with a history of postpartum psychosis (PPP), N(%) unless otherwise specified
Variable | PPD (n = 797) | PPP alone (n = 39) |
|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||
Mean age (SD) in years | 34.8 (7.9) | 34.5 (8.8) |
Race/Ethnicitya | ||
White | 691 (86.7) | 33 (84.6) |
Asian | 40 (5.0) | 4 (10.3) |
Indigenous | 23 (2.9) | < 5 |
Black | 8 (1.2) | < 5 |
Hispanic | 8 (1.2) | < 5 |
Other | 23 (2.0) | < 5 |
Time (SD) in years since index episode | 4.7 (7.0) | 5.7 (4.5) |
Episode occurred in the past year | 154 (19.3) | 6 (15.4) |
Clinical and Health Service Use Characteristics | ||
Mean (SD) Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) | 22.3 (3.8) | 23.1 (4.5) |
Mean (SD) EPDS Anxiety Subscaleb | 7.9 (1.4) | 8.0 (1.5) |
EPDS Suicidalityc | 298 (37.4) | 21 (54.0) |
Self-reported physician diagnosis of psychosis | 108 (13.6) | 39 (100) |
Sought professional help for mental illness | 552 (69.3) | 35 (89.7) |
Hospitalized for mental illness | 50 (6.3) | 10 (25.6) |
Received medication for mental illness | 393 (49.3) | 29 (74.4) |
PPD Characteristics | ||
Onset of depressive symptoms | ||
During first trimester of pregnancy | 119 (14.9) | < 5 |
During second trimester of pregnancy | 73 (9.2) | < 5 |
During third trimester of pregnancy | 75 (9.4) | < 5 |
0–4 weeks after delivery of pregnancy | 380 (47.7) | 6 (15.4) |
1–3 months after delivery of pregnancy | 150 (18.8) | < 5 |
Length of depressive symptoms | ||
Less than 2 weeks | – | < 5 |
2–4 weeks | 76 (9.5) | < 5 |
1–3 months | 137 (17.2) | 7 (17.9) |
3 or more months | 584 (71.8) | 28 (71.8) |
Interference of depressive symptoms | ||
Never or rarely | 4 (0.5) | 0 (0) |
Rarely | 58 (7.3) | 4 (10.3) |
Sometimes | 299 (37.5) | 9 (23.1) |
Often | 436 (54.7) | 26 (66.7) |