Moderators of long-term treatment outcome when comparing two group interventions for adolescents with ADHD: who benefits more from DBT-based skills training?

Table 1 Sample characteristics before treatment exposure

Characteristics	SSTG n = 71	Control group n = 57^a
Sex, n (%)
Females	44 (62.0)	36 (63.2)
Age (years)
Mean (SD)	16.52 (0.91)	16.68 (0.95)
Younger (15–16), n (%)	29 (40.8)	22 (38.6)
Older (17–18), n (%)	42 (59.2)	35 (61.4)
ADHD medication, n (%)
Use of medication	51 (71.8)	47 (82.5)
ADHD presentation (MINI-KID), n (%)
Combined	27 (38.0)	28 (49.1)
Inattentive	27 (38.0)	19 (33.3)
Hyperactive/impulsive	2 (2.8)	1 (1.8)
Unspecified^b	15 (21.1)	9 (15.8)
ADHD symptoms, mean (SD)
Self-rated hyperactivity/impulsivity	17.94 (7.42)	19.46 (8.61)
Self-rated inattention	22.30 (6.96)	23.59 (6.52)
Parental rated hyperactivity/impulsivity	18.11 (6.73)	16.84 (8.20)
Parental rated inattention	26.30 (5.17)	24.40 (5.74)
Symptoms of psychiatric comorbidity, mean (SD)
Self-rated anxiety	8.99 (4.76)	9.49 (4.14)
Self-rated symptoms of depression	6.44 (3.82)	5.96 (3.46)
Self-rated conduct problems	2.80 (1.65)	3.00 (2.05)
Parental rated conduct problems	2.87 (1.96)	2.51 (1.96)
Impairment of emotional dysregulation, n (%)^c
Much impairment	38 (53.5)	28 (50.0)
Little impairment	33 (46.5)	28 (50.0)
Functional impairment, mean (SD)
Self-rated impairment	14.13 (7.39)	14.34 (7.10)
Parental rated impairment	25.94 (10.10)	23.42 (11.23)

ADHD Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, MINI-KID Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents, SD standard deviation, SSTG structured skills training group
^aFor the self-ratings, n = 56
^bUnspecified ADHD includes participants who did not fulfill the criteria for any of the main presentations in the MINI-KID interview
^cAssessed using a question from the questionnaire Impact of ADHD Symptoms, constructed by the research team, where a score ≥ 5 was categorized as much impairment and a score ≤ 4 was categorized as little impairment

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