Table 1 Participant characteristics

Age group

 20–29

n = 1192

19.81%

 30–39

n = 1505

25.02%

 40–49

n = 1581

26.28%

 50–59

n = 1189

19.76%

 60–69

n = 436

7.25%

 70–79

n = 101

1.68%

 80–89

n = 7

0.12%

  ≥ 90

n = 5

0.08%

Sex

 Female

n = 3441

57.20%

 Male

n = 2555

42.47%

 Others

n = 20

0.33%

Educational level

 Higher than high school educated

n = 4661

77.48%

Income level

 Low

n = 842

14.00%

 Medium

n = 3626

60.27%

 High

n = 988

16.42%

 Unknown/r refused to answer

n = 560

9.31%

Living together

 Yes

n = 4851

80.63%

Psychiatric history

 Yes

n = 1067

17.73%

Physical comorbidity

 Yes

n = 2788

46.30%

Hospitalized

 Yes

N = 1740

24.43%

Persistent symptoms

 Yes

n = 2345

38.98%

Duration after infection

mean = 4.5

 ± 4.37

 Less than 1 month

n = 1138

18.92%

 Less than 3 months

n = 1443

23.99%

 Less than 6 months

n = 1369

22.76%

 6 months or more

n = 2066

34.34%

Depression (PHQ-9)

mean = 5.19

 ± 5.91

  ≥ 10

n = 1196

19.88%

Anxiety (GAD-7)

mean = 3.34

 ± 4.71

  ≥ 10

n = 690

11.47%

Self-stigma (SSS-S)

mean = 9.21

 ± 7.40

 Threat of life due to COVID-19 infection

n = 1184

19.68%

 Helplessness due to COVID-19 infection

n = 1681

27.94%

 Blaming the third party who did not restrain from going outside

n = 905

15.04%

 Blaming themselves for their COVID-19 infection

n = 783

13.02%

 Worry about spreading to others

n = 3113

51.75%