Table 1 Study characteristics
Study ID† | Region | Setting | Sample†† | Diagnosis | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome | Measure | Timepoints | Length (months) | Intensity (per week) | Effect size EOT (Hedge’s g) ††† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbass 2008 [53] | North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 14 n = 13 | Personality Disorder | Intensive short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms | BSI | EOT | 8 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 1.00 (0.20, 1.80) |
Amianto 2011 [54] | Europe | Generic mental health service | n = 18 n = 17 | BPD | Sequential Brief Adlerian Psychodynamic Psychotherapy | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms | CGI | EOT 6-month FU 12-month FU | 12 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0 (−0.68, 0.68) 6-month: − 0.05 (− 0.73, 0.63) 12-month: − 0.31 (− 0.99, 0.38) |
Andreoli 2016 [55] | Europe | Specialist team | n = 140 n = 30 | BPD | Abandonment Psychotherapy | TAU | Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms | HRSD CGI | EOT | 3 | 2 sessions | Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.59 (0.19, 0.99) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.81 (0.41, 1.22) |
Europe | Specialist day service | n = 59 n = 54 | Personality Disorder | Step-down Treatment | Active | Depressive symptoms Psychiatric symptoms PD Symptoms | BDI SCL-90 SCID-II | 8-month FU 18-month FU 36-month FU 72-month FU | 4.5 | 3–4 sessions | Depressive symptoms: 8-month: 0.21 (−0.18, 0.60) 18-month: 0.01 (− 0.32, 0.51) 36-month: − 0.23 (− 0.67, 0,21) 72-month: 0.04 (− 0.40, 0.48) Psychiatric symptoms: 8-month: 0 (− 0.39, 0.39) 18-month: − 0.12 (− 0.53, 0.29) 36-month: − 0.17 (− 0.60, 0.27) 72-month: 0.28 (− 0.16, 0.73) PD symptoms: 36-month: − 0.41 (− 0.85, 0.03) 72-month: − 0.05 (− 0.49, 0.39) | |
Bamelis 2014 [58] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 147 n = 135 | Personality Disorder | Schema Therapy | TAU | PD Symptoms | SCID-II | 12-month FU | 12 | 1 session | PD symptoms: 12-month: 0.37 (0.14, 0.61) |
Bateman 1999 [59] | Europe | Specialist day service | n = 19 n = 19 | BPD | MBT | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms | STAI BDI SCL-90 | EOT | 18 | 6 sessions (5 days) | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 1.26 (0.56, 1.95) Depressive symptoms: EOT: 1.98 (1.21, 2.76) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.39 (− 0.26, 1.03) |
Europe | Specialist day service | n = 22 n = 22 | BPD | MBT | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | STAI BDI SCL-90 ZAN-BPD | 6-month FU 12-month FU 18-month FU 60-month FU | 18 | 6 sessions (5 days pw) | Anxiety symptoms: 6-month: 0.88 (0.19, 1.56) 12-month: 1.23 (0.52, 1.94) 18-month: 2.39 (1.53, 3.25) Depressive symptoms: 6-month: 1.28 (0.58, 1.99) 12-month: 1.16 (0.47, 1.86) 18-month: 1.15 (0.46, 1.84) Psychiatric symptoms: 6-month: 1.04 (0.33, 1.74) 12-month: 1.63 (0.87, 2.39) 18-month: 2.09 (1.27, 2.91) BPD symptoms: 60-month: 1.79 (1.02, 2.57) | |
Bateman 2009 [62] | Europe | Specialist team | n = 71 n = 63 | BPD | MBT | Active | Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms | BDI SCL-90 | EOT | 18 | 2 sessions (combined) | Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.45 (0.10, 0.79) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.67 (0.33, 1.02) |
Berthoud 2017 [63] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 25 n = 25 | BPD | Motive-Oriented Therapeutic Relationship | Active | Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | OQ-45 BSL-23 | EOT | 2.5 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.53 (−0.08, 1.13) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.01 (− 0.66, 0.68) |
Blum 2008 [64] | North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 65 n = 59 | BPD | STEPPS | TAU | Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | BDI SCL-90/ CGI ZAN-BPD/ BEST | EOT 12-month FU | 5 | 2-hour weekly session | Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.29 (−0.16, 0.73) 12-month: − 0.03 (− 0.47, 0.41) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.36 (− 0.09, 0.81) 12-month: 0.38 (− 0.06, 0.83) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.54 (0.09, 1.00) 12-month: − 0.03 (− 0.48, 0.41) |
Borschmann 2013 [65] | Europe | Generic mental health service | n = 46 n = 42 | BPD | Joint Crisis Plans | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms | HADS-A HADS-D | 6-month FU | 1 session | 1 session | Anxiety symptoms: 6 month: − 0.38 (− 0.85, 0.08) Depressive Symptoms: 6-month: 0.06 (− 0.41, 0.53) |
Bos 2010 [66] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 42 n = 37 | BPD | STEPPS | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | SCL-90 BPD-40 | EOT 6-month FU | 6 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.60 (0.04, 1.16) 6-month: 0.33 (− 0.18, 0.84) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.55 (0, 1.11) 6-month: 0.34 (− 0.17, 0.84) |
Bos 2011 [67] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 84 n = 84 | BPD | STEPPS | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | SCL-90 BPD Checklist | EOT 6-month FU | 6 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.63 (0.25, 1.01) 6-month: 0.39 (0.02, 0.75) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.34 (− 0.03, 0.71) 6-month: 0.23 (− 0.13, 0.60) |
Clarke 2013 [68] | Europe | Specialist team | n = 38 n = 40 | Personality Disorder | CAT | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms | SCL-90 | EOT | 10 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: ΕΟΤ: 0.84 (0.17, 1.50) |
Clarke 2014 [69] | Europe | Specialist team | n = 30 n = 31 | Personality Disorder | ACT | TAU | Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms | BDI-II SCL-90 | EOT 6-month FU | 4 | 1 session (2 hours) | Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.16 (−0.48, 0.81) 6-month: 0.46 (− 0.19, 1.11) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.24 (− 0.39, 0.86) 6-month: 0.35 (− 0.28, 0.98) |
Cottraux 2009 [70] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 33 n = 32 | BPD | Cognitive Therapy | Active | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms | BAI BDI CGI | EOT 12-month FU | 12 | 1 session | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 0.51 (−0.13, 1.16) 12-month: 0.94 (0.04, 1.85) Depressive symptoms: EOT: − 0.10 (− 0.73, 0.54) 12-month: 0.74 (− 0.15, 1.62) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.30 (− 0.34, 0.94) |
12-month: 0.76 (− 0.13, 1.65) | ||||||||||||
Europe | Generic mental health service | n = 54 n = 52 | BPD | CBT | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms PD Symptoms | STAI BDI-II BSI SCID-II | EOT 12-month FU 60-month FU | 12 | 1 session | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 0.04 (−0.35, 0.44) 12-month: 0.23 (− 0.17, 0.62) 60-month: 0.20 (− 0.25, 0.66) Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.11 (− 0.29, 0.50) 12-month: 0.15 (− 0.24, 0.54) 60-month: − 0.02 (− 0.47, 0.44) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.03 (− 0.36, 0.43) 12-month: 0.12 (− 0.27, 0.51) 60-month: − 0.07 (− 0.52, 0.39) PD symptoms: 60-month: 0.09 (− 0.41, 0.60) | |
De Saeger 2014 [73] | Europe | Specialist team | n = 37 n = 37 | Personality Disorder | Therapeutic assessment | Active | Psychiatric symptoms | BSI | EOT | 1 session | 1 session | Psychiatric Symptoms: EOT: − 0.12 (− 0.58, 0.33) |
Doering 2010 [74] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 52 n = 52 | BPD | Transference-Focused Psychotherapy | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | STAI BDI BSI No of DSM-IV criteria | EOT | 12 | 2 sessions | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: − 0.15 (− 0.53, 0.24) Depressive Symptoms: EOT: − 0.12 (− 0.51, 0.26) Psychiatric Symptoms: EOT: − 0.08 (− 0.46, 0.31) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.55 (0.16, 0.95) |
Emmelkamp 2006 [75] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 21 n = 8 | Avoidant Personality Disorder | CBT | Waiting List | Anxiety symptoms | LWASQ | EOT | 6 | 1 session | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: − 0.02 (− 0.85, 0.81) |
Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 23 n = 8 | Avoidant Personality Disorder | Brief Dynamic Therapy | Waiting List | Anxiety symptoms | LWASQ | EOT | 6 | 1 session | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: −0.19 (−1.00, 0.62) | ||
Evans 1999 [76] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 18 n = 16 | BPD | Manual-assisted CBT | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms | HADS-A HADS-D | EOT | 6 | 1 session | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 0.62 (−0.09, 1.34) Depressive Symptoms: EOT: 0.87 (0.14, 1.60) |
Farrell 2009 [77] | North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 16 n = 16 | BPD | Schema Therapy | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | SCL-90 Borderline Syndrome Index | EOT 6-month FU | 8 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 1.06 (0.26, 1.86) 6-month: 1.60 (0.74, 2.46) BPD symptoms: EOT: 1.66 (0.79, 2.53) 6-month: 2.24 (1.29, 3.19) |
Feigenbaum 2012 [78] | Europe | Specialist team | n = 26 n = 16 | Personality Disorder | DBT | TAU | Depressive symptoms Psychiatric symptoms | BDI-II CORE-OM | EOT | 12 | 3.5 hours | Depressive symptoms: EOT: −0.31 (−0.94, 0.33) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: − 0.17 (− 0.80, 0.46) |
Gratz 2006 [79] | North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 12 n = 10 | BPD | Emotion Regulation Group Intervention | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive symptoms BPD symptoms | DAS-A DAS-D BEST | EOT | 4 | 1 session | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 0.89 (0.02, 1.77) Depressive symptoms: EOT: 1.20 (0.29, 2.11) BPD symptoms: EOT: 1.02 (0.12, 1.91) |
Gratz 2014 [80] | North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 31 n = 30 | BPD | Emotion Regulation Group Intervention | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive symptoms BPD symptoms | DAS-A BDI-II ZAN-BPD | EOT | 3.5 | 1 session | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 1.73 (1.14, 2.31) Depressive symptoms: EOT: 1.06 (0.52, 1.59) BPD symptoms: EOT: 1.88 (1.27, 2.48) |
North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 15 n = 15 | BPD | Dynamic Deconstructive Psychotherapy | TAU | Depressive symptoms BPD symptoms | BDI BEST | EOT 18-month FU | 12 | 1 session | Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.50 (−0.42, 1.41) 18-month: 0.67 (− 0.34, 1.67) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.43 (− 0.49, 1.34) | |
18-month: 0.57 (− 0.43, 1.57) | ||||||||||||
Haeyen 2018 [83] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 38 n = 36 | Personality Disorder | Art Therapy | Waiting List | Psychiatric symptoms | OQ-45 | EOT 5-week FU | 2.5 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 1.23 (0.66, 1.79) 5-week: 1.35 (0.77, 1.92) |
Harned 2014 [84] | North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 17 n = 9 | BPD | DBT with DBT Prolonged Exposure | Active | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms | HAM-A HRSD BSI | ΕΟΤ 3-month FU | 12 | 5 hours pw | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 0.93 (−0.37, 2.24) 3-month: 0.38 (− 0.87, 1.63) Depressive symptoms: EOT: 1.00 (− 0.32, 2.31) 3-month: 1.07 (− 0.26, 2.39) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 1.40 (0.01, 2.78) 3-month: 0.60 (− 0.67, 1.87) |
Hellerstein 1998 [85] | North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 25 n = 24 | Personality Disorder | Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy | Active | Psychiatric symptoms | SCL-90 | EOT 6-month FU | 10 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms EOT: −0.54 (−1.32, 0.25) 6-month: − 0.37 (−1.19, 0.44) |
Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 74 n = 37 | BPD | MBT | Active | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms PD Symptoms | STAI BDI SCL-90 SCID-BPD SCID-II | EOT 6-month FU 18-month FU | 24 | 2 sessions | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 0.24 (− 0.26, 0.75) 6-month: 0.69 (0.08, 1.30) 18-month: 0.58 (− 0.01, 1.17) Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.32 (− 0.18, 0.82) 6-month: 0.38 (− 0.22, 0.98) 18-month: 0.33 (− 0.26, 0.91) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.25 (− 0.26, 0.75) 6-month: 0.27 (− 0.33, 0.87) 18-month: 0.39 (− 0.20, 0.97) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.33 (− 0.17, 0.84) 18-month: 0.12 (− 0.46, 0.70) | |
PD symptoms: 18-month: − 0.08 (− 0.89, 0.73) | ||||||||||||
Khabir 2018 [88] | Asia | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 12 n = 6 | BPD | MBT | No intervention | BPD symptoms | BPDSI-IV | EOT 2-month FU | 3 | 2 sessions | BPD symptoms: EOT: 1.33 (0.26, 2.41) 2-month: 2.05 (0.86, 3.24) |
Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 12 n = 6 | BPD | DBT | No intervention | BPD symptoms | BPDSI-IV | EOT 2-month FU | 3 | 2 sessions | BPD symptoms: EOT: 1.69 (0.57, 2.82) 2-month: 2.22 (1.00, 3.44) | ||
Koons 2001 [89] | North America | Specialist day services | n = 14 n = 14 | BPD | DBT | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms, BPD symptoms | HAM-A BDI No of DSM-IV criteria | EOT | 6 | 2.5 hours | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 1.22 (0.27, 2.18) Depressive symptoms: EOT: 1.12 (0.18, 2.06) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.29, (−0.59, 1.17) |
Kramer 2014 [90] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 42 n = 43 | BPD | Motive-Oriented Therapeutic Relationship | Active | Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | OQ-45 BSL-23 | EOT | 3 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: −0.14, (−0.60, 0.31) BPD symptoms: EOT: − 0.07 (− 0.53, 0.39) |
Kramer 2016 [91] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 21 n = 20 | BPD | DBT | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms | OQ-45 | EOT | 5 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.35 (−0.26, 0.97) |
Laurenssen 2018 [92] | Europe | Specialist day service | n = 54 n = 51 | BPD | Day Hospital MBT | Active | Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | BDI BSI BPDSI-IV | EOT | 18 | 5 hours, 5 days | Depressive symptoms: EOT: −0.10 (−0.51, 0.31) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: − 0.18 (− 0.58, 0.23) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.07 (− 0.34, 0.47) |
Leppanen 2016 [93] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 24 n = 47 | BPD | Community Treatment by Experts | TAU | BPD symptoms | BPDSI-IV | EOT | 12 | 1 session | BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.35 (−0.22, 0.93) |
McMain 2012 [94] | North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 90 n = 90 | BPD | DBT | Active | Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | BDI-II SCL-90 ZAN-BPD | EOT 6-month FU 12-month FU 18-month FU 24-month FU | 12 | 3.5 hours | Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.17 (−0.12, 0.47) 6-month: 0.13 (− 0.16, 0.42) 12-month: − 0.04 (− 0.33, 0.26) 18-month: − 0.09 (− 0.38, 0.20) 24-month: − 0.39 (− 0.68, − 0.09) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.02 (− 0.27, 0.32) 6-month: 0.09 (− 0.20, 0.38) 12-month: 0 (− 0.29, 0.29) 18-month: − 0.10 (− 0.39, 0.20) 24-month: − 0.26 (− 0.55, 0.03) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.04 (− 0.25, 0.33) 6-month: 0.25 (− 0.05, 0.54) 12-month: − 0.01 (− 0.31, 0.28) 18-month: 0.19 (− 0.11, 0.48) 24-month: − 0.27 (− 0.57, 0.02) |
McMain 2017 [95] | North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 42 n = 42 | BPD | Brief DBT Skills Training | Waiting List | Depressive Symptoms Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | BDI SCL-90 BSL-23 | EOT 3-month FU | 5 | 1 session | Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.53 (0.09, 0.97) 3-month: 0.10 (− 0.33, 0.53) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.76 (0.31, 1.20) 3-month: 0.27 (− 0.16, 0.70) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.71 (0.27, 1.15) 3-month: 0.20 (− 0.23, 0.63) |
Morton 2012 [96] | Oceania | Specialist team | n = 21 n = 20 | BPD | ACT Group Treatment | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms BPD symptoms | DASS-A DASS-D BEST | EOT | 3 | 1 session (2 hours) | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 0.66 (0.03, 1.29) Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.67 (0.05, 1.30) BPD symptoms: EOT: 1.22 (0.55, 1.89) |
Pascual 2015 [97] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 36 n = 34 | BPD | Cognitive Rehabilitation | Active | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms BPD symptoms | HAM-A MADRS BSL-23 | EOT 6-month FU | 4 | 1 session (2 hours) | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: − 0.09 (− 0.67, 0.49) 6-month: − 0.39 (−1.00, 0.22) Depressive symptoms: EOT: − 0.29 (− 0.87, 0.29) 6-month: − 1.05 (− 1.69, − 0.40) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.15 (− 0.73, 0.43) 6-month: 0.19 (− 0.42, 0.79) |
Pearce 2017 [98] | Europe | Specialist day service | n = 35 n = 35 | Personality Disorder | Democratic Therapeutic community | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms | GHQ | EOT | 24 | 5 to 15 hours | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.72 (0.07, 1.38) |
Popolo 2019 [99] | Europe | Generic mental health service | n = 10 n = 10 | Personality Disorder | Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms | CORE-OM | EOT | 4 | 1 session (2 hours) | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 1.06 (0.07, 2.06) |
Priebe 2012 [100] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 40 n = 40 | Personality Disorder | DBT | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | BSI ZAN-BPD | EOT | 12 | 3.5 hours plus telephone consult. | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.28 (−0.23, 0.79) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.38 (− 0.09, 0.86) |
Ranger 2009 [101] | Europe | Generic mental health service | n = 28 n = 24 | Other Diagnoses/ symptoms | Nidotherapy | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms | BPRS | EOT | 12 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.44 (− 0.21, 1.10) |
Reneses 2013 [102] | Europe | Generic mental health service | n = 25 n = 28 | BPD | Psychic Representation Focused Psychotherapy | TAU | Anxiety symptoms Depressive Symptoms, Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | STAI MADRS SCL-90 ZAN-BPD | EOT | 6 | 1 session | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 0.52 (−0.09, 1.13) Depressive symptoms: EOT: 0.56 (− 0.05, 1.17) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.55 (− 0.06, 1.16) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.82 (0.19, 1.44) |
Soler 2009 [103] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 29 n = 30 | BPD | DBT Skills Training | TAU | Anxiety symptoms | HAM-A HRSD | EOT | 3 | 1 session (2 hours) | Anxiety symptoms: EOT: 0.65 (− 0.11, 1.41) |
Depressive Symptoms, Psychiatric symptoms BPD symptoms | SCL-90 CGI-BPD | Depressive symptoms: EOT: 1.01 (0.23, 1.80) Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.40 (−0.35, 1.15) BPD symptoms: EOT: 0.90 (0.13, 1.68) | ||||||||||
Svartberg 2004 [104] | Europe & North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 25 n = 25 | BPD | Short term Dynamic Psychotherapy | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms PD Symptoms | SCL-90 MCMI | EOT 6-month FU 12-month FU 24-month FU | 10 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.11 (−0.45, 0.66) 6-month: 0.42 (− 0.16, 1.00) 12-month: 0.19 (− 0.39, 0.77) 24-month: 0.10 (− 0.49, 0.69) PD symptoms: EOT: 0.25 (− 0.32, 0.81) 24-month: 0.17 (− 0.40, 0.73) |
Vinnars 2005 [105] | Europe | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 76 n = 80 | Personality Disorder | Psychodynamic Therapy | TAU | Psychiatric symptoms PD Symptoms | SCL-90 No of DSM-IV Axis II criteria | EOT 12-month FU | 12 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.18 (−0.20, 0.55) 12-month: 0.14 (− 0.21, 0.49) PD symptoms: EOT: 0.20 (− 0.17, 0.57) 12-month: 0.07 (− 0.29, 0.42) |
Winston 1994 [106] | North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 30 n = 13 | Personality Disorder | Brief Adaptive Psychotherapy | Waiting List | Psychiatric symptoms | SCL-90 | EOT | 10 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 1.27 (0.56, 1.97) |
North America | Standalone outpatient intervention | n = 25 n = 13 | Personality Disorder | Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy | Waiting List | Psychiatric symptoms | SCL-90 | EOT | 10 | 1 session | Psychiatric symptoms: EOT: 0.71 (0.02, 1.40) |