Table 3 Factors associated with depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending government hospitals in Harari regional state East Ethiopia (n = 416)

Age in year

18–39

50

13

1

1

40–49

58

38

2.40(1.17–4.92)

1.98(0.90–4.35)

50–59

67

52

2.63(1.31–5.27)

2.22(0.90–6.62)

60–69

46

47

2.76(1.34–5.68)

2.26(0.93–5.36)

 ≥ 70

19

45

4.79(2.07–11.08)

2.88(1.28–6.48)**

Sex

Male

139

79

1

1

Female

101

97

3.69(1.14–2.50)

1.85(1.09–3.15)*

Marital status

Married

201

113

1

1

Single

14

10

1.27(0.52–2.95)

1.17(0.44–3.07)

Divorce

13

21

2.83(1.39–5.96)

1.60(0.64–3.97)

Widowed

17

27

2.85(1.48–5.41)

1.22(0.54–2.80)

Educational level

No formal education

33

32

2.87(1.45–5.66)

2.65(1.04–6.73)*

Primary (1–8)

52

51

0.80(0.44–1.47)

1.01(0.46–2.21)

Secondary (9–12)

90

43

0.90(0.51–1.59)

1.85(0.85–4.00)

Diploma

28

15

0.60(0.31–1.17)

0.84(0.38–1.86)

Degree and above

37

35

1

1

Income monthly

 < 1000

9

32

5.14(2.19–12.05)

4.04(1.03–13.27)*

1000–5000

93

60

0.93(0.95–1.59)

1.25(0.59–2.62)

5001–1000

86

48

0.81(0.46–1.40)

0.86(0.44–1.83)

 > 10,000

52

36

1

1

Family history of DM

Yes

88

84

1.58(1.06–2.34)

1.08(0.64–1.83)

No

152

92

1

1

Family history mental illness

Yes

53

63

2.15(1.42–3.27)

1.71(1.35–3.82)*

No

187

113

1

1

Age starts of disease

 < 40

70

32

0.32(0.17–0.61)

0.73(0.18–2.87)

40–49

73

39

0.34(0.20–0.70)

0.52(0.16–1.67)

50–59

69

65

0.66(0.37–1.20)

0.67(0.26–1.76)

 ≥ 60

28

40

1

1

Ever Khat use

Yes

123

111

1.62(1.09–2.42)

1.00(0.46–2.13

No

117

176

1

1

Social support

Poor

12

21

3.40(1.59–7.30)

2.35(1.12–6.03) **

Moderate

86

82

1.86(1.23–2.81)

1.85(0.69–3.05)

Strong

142

73

1

1