Table 3 Associations of independent variables with depression severity as measured by PHQ-9 (n = 272)

Study site

2

7.55

< 0.001

Age

1

0.37

0.69

Gender

1

5.11

0.02

Level of education

3

2.08

0.10

Living arrangement

4

2.23

0.07

Type of employment

2

1.04

0.35

Duration since HIV diagnosis

3

13.04

< 0.001

Distance from home to HIV clinic

2

0.37

0.69

Perceived level of social support

3

2.48

0.06

Overall

22

4.27

< 0.001