Table 2 Clinical characteristics of psychiatric inpatients in western China and America

Reasons for admission, n (%)

622.279

<0.001

 Positive symptoms

406 (44.9%)

610 (46.3%)

 Negative symptoms

6 (0.7%)

67 (5.1%)

 Depression and anxiety

43 (4.8%)

379 (28.8%)

 Suicide and self-injury

417 (46.1%)

92 (7.0%)

 Physical symptoms

18 (2.0%)

157 (11.9%)

 Substance abuse

9 (1.0%)

8 (0.6%)

 Drug side effects

6 (0.7%)

5 (0.4%)

Whether or not to be admitted voluntarily, n (%)

764.821

<0.001

 Yes

53 (5.9%)

850 (64.5%)

 No

852 (94.1%)

468 (35.5%)

Whether restrained or isolated, n (%)

0.197

0.657

 Yes

124 (13.7%)

172 (13.1%)

 No

781 (86.3%)

1146 (86.9%)

Substance abuse, n (%)

2034.822

<0.001

 None

22 (2.4%)

1293 (98.1%)

 Substance abuse

883 (97.6%)

25 (1.9%)

  Alcohol and Drugs

491 (54.3%)

25 (1.9%)

  Narcotics

392 (43.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Suicidal ideation, n (%)

2.807

0.094

 Yes

466 (51.5%)

631 (47.9%)

 No

439 (48.5%)

687 (52.1%)

Insurance, n (%)

3.110

0.078

 Yes

892 (98.6%)

1309 (99.3%)

 No

13 (1.4%)

9 (0.7%)

Diagnosis, n (%)

183.445

<0.001

 Organic mental disorder

29 (3.2%)

252 (19.1%)

 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use

41 (4.5%)

10 (0.8%)

 Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

341 (37.7%)

454 (34.4%)

 Mood disorder

326 (36.0%)

345 (26.2%)

  Depression

176 (19.4%)

199 (15.1%)

  Bipolar disorder

150 (16.6%)

146 (11.1%)

Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders

160 (17.7%)

221 (16.8%)

Behavioral syndrome with physiological disorders and somatic factors

1 (0.1%)

16 (1.2%)

Personality and behavioral disorders

6 (0.7%)

2 (0.2%)

Intellectual disability

1 (0.1%)

7 (0.5%)

Mental development disorder

0 (0.0%)

11 (0.8%)

LOS (days, \(\overline{x}\) ±s)

10.5 ± 11.9

20.7 ± 13.4

18.719

<0.001

 Organic mental disorder

9.9 ± 18.1

20.2 ± 12.3

4.023

<0.001

 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use

7.3 ± 5.4

13.9 ± 5.3

3.519

0.001

 Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

13.8 ± 13.8

22.4 ± 16.0

7.983

<0.001

 Mood disorders

  Depression

8.6 ± 8.9

19.7 ± 10.1

11.251

<0.001

  Bipolar disorder

10.3 ± 8.1

23.3 ± 16.0

8.842

<0.001

Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders

6.8 ± 11.9

17.1 ± 8.0

10.129

<0.001

Behavioral syndrome with physiological disorders and somatic factors

9.0 ± 0.0

17.3 ± 8.7

0.926

0.369

Personality and behavioral disorders

8.7 ± 5.1

13.5 ± 10.6

0.932

0.387

Intellectual disability

30.0 ± 0.0

23.3 ± 5.3

−1.189

0.279

Mental development disorder

–

21.3 ± 16.9

–

–

Total dose of antipsychotics (mg, \(\overline{x}\) ±s)

275.1 ± 306.9

238.3 ± 212.5

−3.129

0.002

 Organic mental disorder

133.0 ± 152.1

155.6 ± 135.1

0.840

0.402

 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use

153.2 ± 191.7

261.0 ± 228.5

1.537

0.131

 Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

447.2 ± 329.0

386.2 ± 216.3

−2.973

0.003

 Mood disorder

  Depression

77.0 ± 124.5

117.7 ± 108.7

3.383

<0.001

  Bipolar disorder

364.8 ± 296.0

280.2 ± 212.9

−2.831

0.005

Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders

99.0 ± 189.2

118.8 ± 156.1

1.118

0.264

Behavioral syndrome with physiological disorders and somatic factors

420.0 ± 0.0

120.1 ± 109.2

−2.665

0.018

Personality and behavioral disorders

222.5 ± 240.1

300.0 ± 424.3

0.340

0.746

Intellectual disability

510.0 ± 0.0

285.7 ± 163.2

−1.285

0.246

Mental development disorder

–

169.6 ± 139.4

–

–