Table 2 Overview of statistical models for adverse effects of low standardized ratios of involuntary carea in CMHCb areas
Longitudinal data at patient level | Sample | Hypothesized outcome in CMHCb areas with lower SIARa in the baseline year(s) | Statistical approach |
|---|---|---|---|
  Model 1 (Case fatality) | Individual patients with SMDc in 2015 | Increase in number of deaths among SMDc patients, 2015–2018 | Cox regression, with patient’s survival time as outcome, adjusted for age and sex |
  Model 2 (Inpatient days) | Individual patients with SMDc and no involuntary care in 2015 | Increase (or lower decrease) in the number of mental health inpatient days from 2015– 2016 and/or 2017 | Linear mixed model with random effects for CMHCb and change in inpatient days from 2015–2016 and 2015–2017 as outcome |
  Model 3 (Involuntary care) | Individual patients with SMDc and no involuntary care in 2015 | Increase in number of patients transitioning into involuntary care in 2016 and/or 2017 | Cox regression, with death as a competing risk and random effects for CMHCsb, with time to an incident of involuntary care during the next two years as outcome |
Longitudinal data at the CMHC level | |||
  Model 4 (SMDc patients) | CMHCb areas in 2015 | Increase in number of persons diagnosed with SMDc in 2016 and/or 2017 | Linear mixed model with time, standardized CMHCb ratios of involuntary care in 2015 and interaction between the two as covariates; outcome was yearly number of patients with SMDb in the area |
Cross-sectional data at the CMHC level | |||
  Model 5 (Suicides) | CMHCb areas in 2014–2017d | Higher suicide ratios in 2014–2018 | Correlation between mean of the standardized yearly ratios of involuntary care in 2014–2017 with the similarly standardized 5-year ratio of suicides in the CMHCb areas in 2014–2018d |