Fig. 1

Treatment coverage for posttraumatic stress disorder (12-month PTSD). HICs (n = 694): High income countries; LMICs (n = 220): Low/ middle income countries. Contact coverage required any 12-month contact with a specialist or general medical provider for a mental health condition. Any psychotropic required receiving any psychotropic and any 12-month healthcare. Antidepressants required appropriate medication (antidepressant) and any 12-month healthcare. Adequate medication control required at least four physician visits. Adequate pharmacotherapy required taking an antidepressant with adequate medication control and adherence. Any psychotherapy required having two or more visits to any specialty mental health provider among help seekers. Adequate psychotherapy required at least 8 sessions from an adequate provider or still being in treatment after 2 visits. Effective treatment coverage, for mild and moderate PTSD required adequate pharmacotherapy and/or adequate psychotherapy, and for severe PSTD both adequate pharmacotherapy and adequate psychotherapy