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Table 4 Bivariate predictors of effective coverage and its components among those with 12-Month posttraumatic stress disorder, in all countries (n = 914)a

From: Determinants of effective treatment coverage for posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from the World Mental Health Surveys

 

Among those with 12-month PTSD (n = 914), received contact coverageb

 

Among those with 12-month PTSD (n = 914), received effective coverageg

Received any pharmacotherapy

Received adequate pharmacotherapyd

Received any psychotherapye

Received adequate psychotherapyf

OR

(95% CI)

F test

OR

(95% CI)

F test

OR

(95% CI)

F test

OR

(95% CI)

F test

OR

(95% CI)

F test

OR

(95% CI)

F test

FDRh

Level of education

 Low

0.9

(0.6–1.5)

2.3@

1.1

(0.7–1.9)

5.3*

0.9

(0.5–1.7)

3.0*

0.6

(0.4–1.1)

1.7

0.6

(0.3–1.1)

1.5

0.7

(0.4–1.3)

2.3@

0.07

 Low-Average

0.6

(0.4–1.1)

 

0.7

(0.4–1.1)

 

0.6

(0.3–1.1)

 

0.6*

(0.4–0.99)

 

0.6

(0.4–1.1)

 

0.5*

(0.3–0.9)

  

 Average-High

0.5*

(0.3–0.9)

 

0.5*

(0.3–0.7)

 

0.5*

(0.3–0.8)

 

0.6

(0.4–1.04)

 

0.6

(0.4–1.3)

 

0.5*

(0.3–0.9)

  

 High

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

   

Type of insurance

 No insurance coverage

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

   

 State funded coverage or subsidized insurance

3.9*

(2.2–6.9)

 

3.5*

(1.6–7.9)

 

3.5*

(1.5–8.3)

 

2.7*

(1.3–5.6)

 

3.6*

(1.5–8.6)

 

3.1*

(1.4–7.1)

  

 Other

1.8*

(1.01–3.2)

 

1.8

(0.9–3.5)

 

1.4

(0.4–3.3)

 

1.5

(0.8–2.8)

 

1.8

(0.8–4.1)

 

1.6

(0.8–3.3)

  

 Direct Private/Optional Insurance

1.9

(0.8–4.2)

6.7*

1.6

(0.6–4.3)

4.4*

1.7

(0.6–5.2)

3.8*

1.7

(0.7–4.1)

3.9*

1.8

(0.6–5.0)

3.1*

2.2

(0.8–6.1)

2.7*

0.06

 Insurance through employment or national social security

5.9*

(1.7–20.2)

 

5.4*

(1.5–19.0)

 

8.3*

(1.7–41.5)

 

3.4

(0.95–11.9)

 

2.9

(0.7–11.6)

 

5.4*

(1.4–21.4)

  

Insurance

 Any Insurance (Yes)

2.3*

(1.3–4.1)

8.5*

2.2*

(1.1–4.4)

4.8*

2.1

(0.9–4.7)

3.1@

1.8

(0.97–3.4)

3.5

2.2*

(1.01–4.9)

4.0*

2.1*

(1.02–4.5)

4.1*

0.06

Severity

 Mild

0.2*

(0.1–0.3)

 

0.1*

(0.08–0.2)

 

0.1*

(0.04–0.3)

 

0.3*

(0.2–0.6)

 

0.2*

(0.08–0.3)

 

0.4*

(0.2–0.8)

  

 Moderate

0.4*

(0.3–0.6)

29.7*

0.5*

(0.3–0.7)

24.9*

0.3*

(0.2–0.5)

18.0*

0.4*

(0.3–0.6)

15.9*

0.3*

(0.2–0.5)

25.0*

0.8

(0.5–1.2)

3.7*

0.06

 Severe

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

   
  1. Abbreviations: PTSD Posttraumatic stress disorder, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval
  2. *Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test @ P < 0.1
  3. aModels are bivariate with each demographic predictor in separate models, controlling for country dummies. The following variables were non-significant or P > 0.1: age, sex, marital status, income, employment status and survey year
  4. bContact coverage required any 12-month contact with a specialist or general medical provider for a mental health condition
  5. cAny psychotropic required receiving any psychotropic and any 12-month healthcare
  6. Antidepressants required appropriate medication (antidepressant) and any 12-month healthcare
  7. Adequate medication control required at least four physician visits
  8. dAdequate pharmacotherapy required taking an antidepressant with adequate medication control and adherence
  9. eAny psychotherapy required having two or more visits to any specialty mental health provider among help seekers
  10. fAdequate psychotherapy required at least 8 sessions from an adequate provider or still being in treatment after 2 visits
  11. gEffective treatment coverage, for mild and moderate PTSD required adequate pharmacotherapy and/or adequate psychotherapy, and for severe PSTD both adequate pharmacotherapy and adequate psychotherapy
  12. hFDR: False discovery rate adjustment for multiple testing implementing the Benjamini-Hochberg method
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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