Table 1 Description of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis
Study (first author, publication year) | Country/continent | Sampling procedures | Age or grade range (M; SD) | N; female (%) | Research categories | Depression measurement | Bias risk assessment | Bullying type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chen JY, 2022 [21] | China/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | 9–18 (12.85; 1.70) | 2931 (48.24) | ①②③ | CES-D-10 | 8 | Cyber |
Wang WK, 2021 [22] | China/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | 7th-11th (14.6; 1.60) | 211 (43.96) | â‘ â‘¡â‘¢ | CES-D | 7 | Traditional |
Xie Y, 2021 [23] | China/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | 12–18 (14.85; 1.27) | 3531 (49.50) | ①②③ | SDS | 8 | Traditional |
Liu XQ, 2021 [24] | China/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | junior and high school students (14.8; 1.6) | 8252 (52.00) | â‘ â‘¡â‘¢ | PHQ-9 | 8 | Traditional |
Cheng T, 2020 [25] | China/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | high school students (N/S) | 5974 (48.18) | â‘ | CES-D | 8 | Traditional |
Zhang ZW, 2019 [26] | China/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | 6th-8th (N/S) | 1649 (49.55) | â‘ â‘¡â‘¢ | PHQ-9 | 7 | Traditional |
Kim JH, 2016 [27] | Korea/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | 9—18 (N/S) | 3627 (52.69) | ①| Single item | 7 | Traditional |
Abd Razak MA, 2019 [28] | Malaysia/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | teenagers | 27,399 (50.40) | â‘ | DASS-21 | 8 | Traditional |
Rothon C, 2011 [29] | England/Europe | Simple random sampling (school) | 11—14 (N/S) | 2734 (51.40) | ①| SMFQ | 6 | Traditional |
Alrajeh SM, 2021 [30] | Qatar/Asia | Simple random sampling (school) | 16–18 (N/S) | 836 (78.00) | ①②③ | PHQ-9 | 8 | Traditional |
Donato F, 2021 [31] | Italy/Europe | N/A (school) | 15–16 (15.2; 0.40) | 3002 (55.90) | ①| CES-DC | 6 | Traditional |
Jung YE, 2014 [32] | Korea/Asia | Simple random sampling (school) | 11–14 (N/S) | 4513 (48.90) | ①②③ | Single item | 7 | Cyber |
Lemstra ME, 2012 [33] | Canada/North America | General survey sampling (school) | 10–16 (N/S) | 4197 (49.00) | ①| CES-D 12 | 8 | Traditional |
Selkie EM, 2014 [34] | USA/North America | General surveysampling (school) | 18–25 (N/S) | 265 (100) | ①②③ | PHQ-9 | 5 | Cyber |
Kaur J, 2014 [35] | Malaysia/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | 13–17 (N/S) | 28,738 (49.80) | ①| Single item | 7 | Traditional |
Hansson E, 2019 [36] | Iceland/Europe | Cluster random sampling (school) | 11–15 (13; 1.61) | 11,018 (47.30) | ①| Single item | 8 | Traditional |
Schneider SK, 2011 [37] | USA/North America | General surveysampling (school) | 9th-12th (N/S) | 20,406 (49.60) | â‘ | Single item | 6 | Traditional/cyber |
Liu X, 2020 [38] | China/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | 10–18 (N/S) | 5926 (55.00) | ①| PHQ-9 | 7 | Traditional |
Ybarra ML, 2015 [39] | USA/North America | Simple random sampling (school) | 13–18 (15.8; 1.6) | 5542 (51.00) | ①| CESD-R | 8 | Cyber |
Andre S, 2010 [40] | Finland/Europe | N/A (school) | 13–16 (N/S) | 2215 (47.89) | ①②③ | Single item | 7 | Cyber |
Hemphill SA, 2015 [41] | Australia/Oceania | Cluster random sampling (school) | 10th (16; 0.4) | 791 (54.00) | â‘ | SMFQ | 6 | Cyber |
Messias E, 2014 [42] | USA/North America | Cluster random sampling (school) | 9th-12th (N/S) | 5,425 (50.2) | â‘ | Single item | 8 | Traditional/cyber |
Klomek AB, 2008 [43] | USA/North America | Cluster random sampling (school) | 13–19 (14.8; 1.2) | 2181 (41.9) | ①| BDI-IA | 6 | Cyber |
Goebert D, 2011 [44] | USA/North America | N/A (school) | high school students (N/S) | 677 (60.2) | â‘ | Multiple items | 6 | Cyber |
Sampasa-Kanyinga H, 2014 [13] | Canada/North America | Simple random sampling (school) | 7th-12th (14.5; 1.80) | 3509 (54.9) | â‘ | Single item | 7 | Traditional |
Landstedt E, 2014 [45] | Sweden/Europe | General survey sampling (school) | 13–16 (N/S) | 1214 (52.7) | ①| CES-D | 5 | Traditional/cyber |
Chang FC, 2015 [46] | China/Asia | Cluster random sampling (school) | 7th–9th (N/S) | 1867 (51.7) | ①② | CES-D | 8 | Cyber |
Islam MI, 2020 [47] | Australia/Oceania | Cluster random sampling (school) | 12–17 (14.83; 1.70) | 2166 (47.8) | ①| DISC-IV | 6 | Traditional/cyber |
Mereish EH, 2019 [48] | USA/North America | Cluster random sampling (school) | 10–18 (N/S) | 1129 (51.7) | ①| Single item | 7 | Cyber |
Mallik CI, 2019 [49] | Bangladesh/Asia | Simple random sampling (school) | 14–17 (15.7; 1.03) | 276 (34.1) | ①| DAWBA | 5 | Cyber |
Elgar FJ, 2014 [50] | USA/North America | Simple random sampling (school) | 12–18 (15; 1.7) | 18,834 (50.5) | ①② | N/S | 7 | Traditional |