Fig. 4

Trends in prescribed hypnotics (a) and distribution of baseline hypnotics (b) among long-term users. The trends in hypnotics prescribed between 2010 and 2019 (a) and the distribution of hypnotics prescribed in 2018–2019 (b) were assessed in long-term users of hypnotics. *The denominator was the number of patients prescribed BZDs (all BZDs were regarded as a single MOA regardless of the type). †The denominator was the number of patients prescribed multiple MOAs. BZD benzodiazepine, MOA mechanism of action, MRA melatonin receptor agonist, ORA orexin receptor antagonist, z-drug non-benzodiazepine