Table 2 Demographic characteristics of new users and long-term users of hypnotics in 2018 and 2019

N

55,263

42,444

Age

 Mean ± SD (95% CI)

44.3 ± 13.0 (44.2–44.4)

49.9 ± 11.3 (49.7–50.0)

 Median (range)

45 (20–74)

50 (20–74)

Age group

 20–34

14,577 (26.4%) [26.0–26.7]

4487 (10.6%) [10.3–10.9]

 35–49

19,779 (35.8%) [35.4–36.2]

15,208 (35.8%) [35.4–36.3]

 50–64

17,757 (32.1%) [31.7–32.5]

18,794 (44.3%) [43.8–44.8]

 65–74

3150 (5.7%) [5.5–5.9]

3955 (9.3%) [9.0–9.6]

Sex

 Male

29,892 (54.1%) [53.7–54.5]

22,900 (54.0%) [53.5–54.4]

 Female

25,371 (45.9%) [45.5–46.3]

19,544 (46.0%) [45.6–46.5]

Medical specialty

 General practice

33,961 (61.5%) [61.0–61.9]

19,304 (45.5%) [45.0–46.0]

 Psychiatry

16,513 (29.9%) [29.5–30.3]

20,658 (48.7%) [48.2–49.1]

 Others

4789 (8.7%) [8.4–8.9]

2482 (5.8%) [5.6–6.1]

Clinical setting

 Clinic

46,258 (83.7%) [83.4–84.0]

32,524 (76.6%) [76.2–77.0]

 Hospital

9005 (16.3%) [16.0–16.6]

9920 (23.4%) [23.0–23.8]

Baseline psychiatric comorbidity

 Depressive disorders

8482 (15.3%) [15.0–15.7]

25,147 (59.2%) [58.8–59.7]

 Anxiety disorders

5925 (10.7%) [10.5–11.0]

10,147 (23.9%) [23.5–24.3]

 Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

1966 (3.6%) [3.4–3.7]

11,501 (27.1%) [26.7–27.5]

 Bipolar disorders

1304 (2.4%) [2.2–2.5]

7493 (17.7%) [17.3–18.0]

 Substance use disorders

538 (1.0%) [0.9–1.1]

1219 (2.9%) [2.7–3.0]

 Neurocognitive disorders

56 (0.1%) [0.1–0.1]

119 (0.3%) [0.2–0.3]

 Others

8449 (15.3%) [15.0–15.6]

16,056 (37.8%) [37.4–38.3]

Number of hypnotics

 1

53,242 (96.3%) [96.2–96.5]

28,955 (68.2%) [67.8–68.7]

 2

1982 (3.6%) [3.4–3.7]

12,389 (29.2%) [28.8–29.6]

 3

38 (0.1%) [0.0–0.1]

990 (2.3%) [2.2–2.5]

  ≥ 4

 < 5

110 (0.3%) [0.2–0.3]