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Table 5 Adjusted mean changes of AGS among family caregivers of dying cancer patients in the four intervention groups

From: Effects of family-based dignity intervention and expressive writing on anticipatory grief in family caregivers of patients with cancer: a randomized controlled trial

 

FDI group

EWI group

FDI + EWI group

Control group

P-value*

Total AGS

 Week 2-baseline

-8.12 ± 1.53a

-4.24 ± 1.52

-4.82 ± 1.52

-1.57 ± 1.52

0.02

 Week 1-basline

-4.81 ± 1.35

-5.10 ± 1.34

-5.72 ± 1.34

-3.91 ± 1.34

0.81

 Week 2-week 1

-3.30 ± 1.25a

0.86 ± 1.25

0.89 ± 1.25

2.33 ± 1.24

0.01

Behavioral subscale

 Week 2-baseline

-5.92 ± 0.97a

-3.21 ± 0.96

-3.80 ± 0.97

-2.17 ± 0.96

0.049

 Week 1-basline

-3.86 ± 0.86

-3.40 ± 0.86

-4.82 ± 0.86

-3.64 ± 0.86

0.66

 Week 2-week 1

-2.06 ± 0.93a

0.19 ± 0.93

1.03 ± 0.93

1.47 ± 0.93

0.04

Emotional subscale

 Week 2-baseline

-2.38 ± 0.78a

-1.00 ± 0.77

-0.96 ± 0.77

0.68 ± 0.77

0.053

 Week 1-basline

-1.09 ± 0.72

-1.67 ± 0.71

-0.83 ± 0.71

-0.22 ± 0.71

0.54

 Week 2-week 1

-1.28 ± 0.74

0.67 ± 0.74

-0.13 ± 0.74

0.90 ± 0.74

0.15

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SE adjusted for baseline values of AGS
  2. Abbreviations: FDI Family-based dignity intervention, EWI Expressive writing intervention, AGS Anticipatory grief scale
  3. *Obtained from the one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
  4. a Significant compared with the control group