Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms

Age

0.01

0.01

0.64

0.423

1.01

0.98

1.04

Male

-0.40

0.23

2.94

0.086

0.67

0.43

1.06

Years of education

0.05

0.04

1.70

0.192

1.05

0.98

1.13

Unemployment

-0.23

0.24

0.88

0.348

0.80

0.49

1.28

Living alone

-0.72

0.46

2.45

0.118

0.49

0.20

1.20

Early onset

0.22

0.33

0.43

0.515

1.24

0.65

2.37

Diagnosis of BD I

1.08

0.34

9.99

0.002

2.94

1.51

5.74

Duration of illness > 60 months^a

-0.05

0.29

0.03

0.864

0.95

0.54

1.68

Polarity of first mood episode was manic/hypomanic/mixed

-0.03

0.26

0.01

0.906

0.97

0.58

1.62

History of misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder

-0.55

0.27

4.20

0.040

0.58

0.34

0.98

History of misdiagnosed as schizophrenia

2.57

0.39

44.47

 < 0.001

13.06

6.14

27.79

History of misdiagnosed as other mental disorders

0.65

0.29

4.91

0.027

1.91

1.08

3.39

Family history of mental disorders

0.10

0.26

0.16

0.693

1.11

0.66

1.86

History of psychiatric hospitalization

0.77

0.33

5.35

0.021

2.16

1.13

4.16

Lifetime suicide behavior

0.87

0.37

5.58

0.018

2.38

1.16

4.87

Received drug treatment within the past 12 months

-0.89

0.71

1.58

0.208

0.41

0.10

1.64

Antidepressants use

-0.65

0.29

5.02

0.025

0.52

0.30

0.92

Antipsychotics use

0.94

0.35

7.43

0.006

2.57

1.30

5.07

Mood stabilizer use

0.94

0.45

4.42

0.035

2.56

1.07

6.16

Two or more mood stabilizers use

-0.50

0.32

2.50

0.114

0.61

0.32

1.13

Received non-drug treatment within the past 12 months

0.36

0.34

1.12

0.290

1.43

0.74

2.80

Combined with chronic diseases requiring long-term treatment

0.47

0.37

1.62

0.203

1.60

0.78

3.28