Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without postoperative delirium
From: Machine learning-based prediction model for postoperative delirium in non-cardiac surgery
No delirium (N = 200,509) | Delirium (N = 2,865) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Male | 85978 (42.9) | 1916 (66.9) | < 0.001 |
Age | 52.6 (± 15.2) | 65.0 (± 14.4) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index | 24.2 (± 3.6) | 23.6 (± 3.7) | < 0.001 |
ASA physical status | < 0.001 | ||
I | 87777 (43.8) | 259 (9.0) | |
II | 101562 (50.7) | 1580 (55.1) | |
III | 10500 (5.2) | 900 (31.4) | |
IV | 529 (0.3) | 122 (4.3) | |
V | 141 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | |
Psychiatric disorder, any | 6609 (3.3) | 348 (12.1) | < 0.001 |
Mood disorder | 2779 (1.4) | 157 (5.5) | < 0.001 |
Schizophrenia | 189 (0.1) | 40 (1.4) | < 0.001 |
Alcoholic use disorder | 129 (0.1) | 15 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
Substance abuse (without alcohol) | 44 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 0.02 |
Sleep disorder | 2779 (1.4) | 83 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
Personality disorder | 59 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 0.08 |
Current alcohol | 40107 (20.0) | 421 (14.7) | < 0.001 |
Current smoking | 15248 (7.6) | 310 (10.8) | < 0.001 |
Previous disease | |||
Hypertension | 50346 (25.1) | 1248 (43.6) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 22810 (11.4) | 722 (25.2) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 3210 (1.6) | 182 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
Dialysis | 869 (0.4) | 97 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 0.2 (± 0.6) | 0.5 (± 1.1) | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 4022 (2.0) | 239 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
Coronary artery disease | 3970 (2.0) | 165 (5.8) | < 0.001 |
Coronary revascularization | |||
Percutaneous intervention | 2939 (1.5) | 133 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
Bypass graft | 399 (0.2) | 25 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
Heart failure | 579 (0.3) | 44 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
Arrhythmia | 2832 (1.4) | 154 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1776 (0.9) | 129 (4.5) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral artery disease | 533 (0.3) | 43 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
Aortic disease | 629 (0.3) | 67 (2.3) | < 0.001 |
Valvular heart disease | 305 (0.2) | 12 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3465 (1.7) | 158 (5.5) | < 0.001 |
Preoperative blood laboratory tests | |||
Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.3 (± 1.8) | 12.2 (± 2.2) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (± 0.8) | 1.3 (± 1.7) | < 0.001 |
Preoperative electrolytes | |||
Hypernatremia | 1395 (0.7) | 34 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
Hyponatremia | 6199 (3.1) | 442 (15.4) | < 0.001 |
Hyperkalemia | 1247 (0.6) | 67 (2.3) | < 0.001 |
Hypokalemia | 2488 (1.2) | 153 (5.3) | < 0.001 |
Hyperphosphatemia | 5576 (2.8) | 153 (5.3) | < 0.001 |
Hypophosphatemia | 4477 (2.2) | 205 (7.2) | < 0.001 |
Hyperchloremia | 21110 (10.5) | 667 (23.3) | < 0.001 |
Hypochloremia | 3593 (1.8) | 238 (8.3) | < 0.001 |