Mental health-related telemedicine interventions for pregnant women and new mothers: a systematic literature review

Table 2 Overall number of reported mental health-related outcomes and the articles’ risk of bias

Mental health-related outcomes	Articles with significantly improved scores compared to control					Articles without a significant difference in effect between groups				Articles with significantly higher (i.e. worse) scores compared to control
	N	[Literature References]				N	[Literature References]			N	[Literature References]
		RoB: low	RoB: con-cerns	RoB: high	RoB: n.i	N	RoB: low	RoB: con-cerns	RoB: high	N	RoB: low
Postnatal depression	14	[20, 46, 52, 58, 66, 67, 75, 77]	[36]	[37, 39, 60, 63, 65]		13	[40, 42,43,44, 50, 53, 54, 68, 70]	[55, 61]	[38, 51]	1	[72]
Anxiety	8	[20, 46, 52, 58, 67, 69, 77]		[39]		16 ^{a, b}	[40, 47, 59, 62, 70, 71, 75]	[36, 55, 61, 64]	[38, 48, 60, 65, 76]
Depression	11	[20, 41, 52, 54, 62, 69, 71, 77]	[36]	[39, 51]		10 ^{a, b}	[35, 43, 47, 59, 70]		[38, 48, 49, 65, 76]
Stress	5	[45, 52, 70, 71]		[39]		7	[40, 44, 72]	[36, 55, 64]	[60]
Mindfulness AND/OR self-compassion	4	[59, 69]	[57]	[65]		1			[76]
Wellbeing	4	[59, 74]		[65]	[56]
Emotion regulation AND/OR psychological flexibility	2	[73]	[57]
Quality of life	2	[52]		[39]		5	[20, 35, 62, 70]	[36],
Positive mental health	1		[61]			1			[51]
Post-traumatic stress disorder	1	[62]
Total	52					53					1

RoB Overall assessment of risk of bias (low, some concerns, high), n.i. No information available
^aone article reported descriptive statistics: reduction in symptoms (no significance calculated)[48]
^bone article did not report outcome results[65]

ISSN: 1471-244X