Table 1 Participant characteristics distribution across absconding from hospital among patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder
From: Absconding among admitted patients with bipolar affective disorder diagnosis in Uganda
Variable | Escape | X2 (p-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|
No (985/ 92.3%) | Yes (83/ 7.8%) | ||
Age (median, IQR) | 29 (23–40) | 29 (24–38) | (0.922) |
Marital status | |||
 Divorced | 11 (91.7) | 1 (8.3) | 1.20 (0.878) |
 Married | 366 (94.3) | 22 (5.7) | |
 Separated | 61 (92.4) | 5 (7.6) | |
 Single | 345 (92.5) | 28 (7.5) | |
 Widowed | 25 (92.6) | 2 (7.4) | |
Gender | |||
 Female | 506 (93.7) | 34 (6.3) | 3.38 (0.066) |
 Male | 477 (90.7) | 49 (9.3) | |
Employment status | |||
 Unemployed | 652 (91.8) | 58 (8.2) | 0.03 (0.873) |
 Employed | 119 (92.3) | 10 (7.7) | |
Positive family history of mental illness | |||
 No | 765 (92.6) | 61 (7.4) | 0.41 (0.520) |
 Yes | 211 (91.3) | 20 (8.7) | |
Clinical presentation | |||
1. Hallucinations | Â | ||
 No | 771 (92.0) | 67 (8.0) | 0.25 (0.614) |
 Yes | 213 (93.0) | 16 (7.0) | |
2. Delusions | Â | ||
 No | 837 (92.4) | 69 (7.6) | 0.22 (0.637) |
 Yes | 147 (91.3) | 14 (8.7) | |
3. Uncoordinated speech | Â | ||
 No | 749 (92.5) | 61 (7.5) | 0.29 (0.591) |
 Yes | 235 (91.4) | 22 (8.6) | |
4. Suspiciousness | Â | ||
 No | 938 (92.2) | 79 (7.8) | 0.00 (0.952) |
 Yes | 46 (92.0) | 4 (8.0) | |
5. Poor sleep | Â | ||
 No | 342 (90.5) | 36 (9.5) | 2.49 (0.115) |
 Yes | 642 (93.2) | 47 (6.8) | |
6. Aggression | Â | ||
 No | 493 (93.2) | 36 (6.8) | 1.39 (0.239) |
 Yes | 491 (91.3) | 47 (8.7) | |
7. Food refusal | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 902 (91.8) | 81 (8.2) | 3.70 (0.054) |
 Yes | 82 (97.6) | 2 (2.4) | |
8. Affective lability | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 905 (92.7) | 71 (7.3) | 4.06 (0.044) |
 Yes | 79 (86.8) | 12 (13.2) | |
9. Talking to self | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 902 (92.2) | 76 (7.8) | 0.00 (0.975) |
 Yes | 82 (92.1) | 7 (7.9) | |
10. Restlessness | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 634 (91.7) | 57 (8.3) | 0.604 (0.437) |
 Yes | 350 (93.1) | 26 (6.9) | |
11. Neglect of body hygiene | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 890 (92.5) | 72 (7.5) | 1.18 (0.277) |
 Yes | 94 (89.5) | 11 (10.5) | |
12. Destructiveness | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 790 (92.8) | 61 (7.2) | 2.19 (0.139) |
 Yes | 194 (89.8) | 22 (10.2) | |
13. Singing | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 906 (92.3) | 76 (7.7) | 0.03 (0.870) |
 Yes | 78 (91.8) | 7 (8.2) | |
14. Prayerfulness/ religiosity | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 929 (92.2) | 79 (7.8) | 0.09 (0.768) |
 Yes | 55 (93.2) | 4 (6.8) | |
15. Excessive energy | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 681 (92.0) | 59 (8.0) | 0.13 (0.722) |
 Yes | 303 (92.7) | 24 (7.3) | |
16. Wandering away from home | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 748 (92.8) | 58 (7.2) | 1.56 (0.212) |
 Yes | 236 (90.4) | 25 (9.6) | |
17. Talkativeness | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 366 (92.9) | 28 (7.1) | 0.39 (0.530) |
 Yes | 618 (91.8) | 55 (8.2) | |
18. Social withdrawal | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 954 (92.1) | 82 (7.9) | 0.92 (0.337) |
 Yes | 30 (96.8) | 1 (3.2) | |
19. Suicidal ideations | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 954 (92.1) | 82 (7.9) | 0.92 (0.337) |
 Yes | 30 (96.8) | 1 (3.2) | |
20. Grandiosity | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 892 (92.2) | 75 (7.8) | 0.01 (0.931) |
 Yes | 92 (92.0) | 8 (8.0) | |
21. Thoughtlessness | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 975 (92.2) | 83 (7.8) | 0.77 (0.382) |
 Yes | 9 (100) | - | |
22. Poor appetite | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 915 (92.0) | 80 (8.0) | 1.40 (0.236) |
 Yes | 69 (95.8) | 3 (4.2) | |
23. Undressing | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 927 (92.6) | 74 (7.4) | 3.36 (0.067) |
 Yes | 57 (86.4) | 9 (13.6) | |
24. Irritability | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 845 (91.6) | 78 (8.4) | 4.30 (0.038) |
 Yes | 139 (96.5) | 5 (3.5) | |
25. Disorganized behavior | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 927 (92.1) | 80 (7.9) | 0.68 (0.408) |
 Yes | 57 (95.0) | 3 (5.0) | |
Current comorbid substance use | Â | Â | Â |
1. Use of Cannabis | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 972 (92.5) | 79 (7.5) | 6.71 (0.010) |
 Yes | 12 (75.0) | 4 (25.0) |  |
2. Use of alcohol | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 977 (92.3) | 82 (7.7) | 0.14 (0.707) |
 Yes | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) |  |
3. Multiple substance use | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 974 (92.2) | 82 (7.8) | 0.03 (0.870) |
 Yes | 10 (90.9) | 1 (9.1) |  |
Days with symptoms before admission (median, IQR) | 7 (3–14) | 7 (4–14) | (0.3592) |
Days of admission (median, IQR) | 7 (4–12) | 4 (2–9) | (< 0.001) |
Current in-patient treatment | |||
Psychotherapy | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 522 (89.5) | 61 (10.4) | 12.78 (< 0.001) |
 Yes | 460 (95.4) | 22 (4.6) | |
Chlorpromazine | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 117 (95.9) | 5 (4.1) | 2.55 (0.110) |
 Yes | 850 (91.8) | 76 (8.2) | |
Haloperidol | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 756 (91.2) | 73 (8.8) | 6.45 (0.011) |
 Yes | 211 (96.4) | 8 (3.6) | |
Risperidone | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 946 (92.1) | 81 (7.9) | 1.79 (0.180) |
 Yes | 21 (100) | - | |
Olanzapine | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 964 (92.3) | 80 (7.7) | 1.68 (0.195) |
 Yes | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) | |
Trifluoperazine | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 940 (92.3) | 79 (7.8) | 0.03 (0.865) |
 Yes | 27 (93.1) | 2 (6.9) | |
Fluphenazine | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 874 (92.1) | 75 (7.9) | 0.43 (0.514) |
 Yes | 93 (93.9) | 6 (6.1) | |
Quetiapine | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 958 (92.3) | 80 (7.7) | 0.07 (0.787) |
 Yes | 9 (90.0) | 1 (10.0) | |
Carbamazepine | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 43 (91.5) | 4 (8.5) | 0.04 (0.846) |
 Yes | 776 (92.3) | 65 (7.7) | |
Lithium | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 812 (92.3) | 68 (7.7) | 0.25 (0.616) |
 Yes | 7 (87.5) | 1 (12.5) | |
Sodium valproate | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 767 (92.1) | 66 (7.9) | 0.44 (0.508) |
 Yes | 52 (94.5) | 3 (5.5) | |