Table 6 Content based on behavior change techniques
BCT used at least once (n = 77) | Frequency of use relative to number of counseling sessions for at least one use (n = 77) | ANOVA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | Total (%) | Low Dose (%) | High Dose (%) | F | η2 | p | |
1.1. Goal setting (behavior) | 71 (92) | 52 | 58 | 48 | 2.50 | 0.03 | 0.12 |
1.3. Goal setting (outcome) | 36 (47) | 12 | 20 | 9 | 9.63 | 0.22 | < 0.01 |
1.2. Problem solving | 73 (95) | 41 | 45 | 38 | 2.02 | 0.03 | 0.16 |
1.4. Action planning | 74 (96) | 51 | 51 | 51 | 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.93 |
8.7. Graded tasks | 60 (78) | 30 | 37 | 25 | 8.50 | 0.13 | < 0.01 |
1.5. Review of behavior goals | 68 (88) | 60 | 62 | 58 | 0.41 | < 0.01 | 0.52 |
1.7. Review of outcome goals | 50 (65) | 10 | 18 | 8 | 30.56 | 0.39 | < 0.01 |
1.6. Discrepancy between current behavior and goal | 35 (45) | 54 | 50 | 57 | 0.26 | < 0.01 | 0.61 |
1.8. Behavioral contract | 7 (9) | 6 | 8 | 5 | 0.39 | < 0.01 | 0.56 |
2.2. Feedback on behavior | 71 (92) | 71 | 70 | 72 | 0.14 | < 0.01 | 0.71 |
2.7. Feedback on outcomes of behavior | 39 (51) | 10 | 15 | 8 | 5.66 | 0.13 | 0.02 |
2.3. Self-monitoring of behavior | 60 (78) | 30 | 40 | 24 | 7.12 | 0.11 | < 0.01 |
2.4. Self-monitoring of outcomes of behavior | 11 (14) | 14 | 24 | 10 | 5.03 | 0.36 | 0.05 |
3.1. Social support (unspecified) | 44 (57) | 17 | 27 | 12 | 11.75 | 0.22 | < 0.01 |
4.1. Instruction on how to perform the behavior | 48 (62) | 17 | 26 | 13 | 11.45 | 0.20 | < 0.01 |
5.1. Information about health consequences | 62 (80) | 23 | 33 | 16 | 15.63 | 0.21 | < 0.01 |
5.2. Salience of consequences | 39 (51) | 14 | 16 | 13 | 1.56 | 0.04 | 0.22 |
6.1. Demonstration of the behavior | 12 (15) | 7 | 8 | 6 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.62 |
6.2. Social comparison | 8 (10) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.69 |
7.1. Prompts/cues | 23 (30) | 10 | 21 | 6 | 8.55 | 0.29 | < 0.01 |
8.1. Behavioral practice/rehearsal | 59 (77) | 22 | 27 | 19 | 3.50 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
8.3. Habit formation | 60 (78) | 24 | 28 | 21 | 2.18 | 0.04 | 0.14 |
9.2. Pros and cons | 11 (14) | 6 | 5 | 6 | 0.02 | < 0.01 | 0.90 |
10.3. Non-specific reward | 30 (39) | 14 | 19 | 11 | 3.71 | 0.12 | 0.06 |
12.1. Restructuring the physical environment | 19 (25) | 8 | 9 | 7 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.65 |
12.2. Restructuring the social environment | 5 (6) | 8 | 12 | 6 | 3.82 | 0.56 | 0.14 |
12.3. Avoidance/reducing exposure to cues for the behavior | 18 (23) | 8 | 15 | 6 | 7.65 | 0.32 | 0.01 |
13.2. Framing/reframing | 22 (28) | 11 | 13 | 10 | 0.76 | 0.04 | 0.39 |
15.2. Mental rehearsal of successful performance | 27 (35) | 11 | 16 | 10 | 4.12 | 0.14 | 0.05 |
15.3. Focus on past success | 37 (48) | 11 | 16 | 8 | 7.43 | 0.17 | 0.01 |