Table 2 Characteristics associated with depression and anxiety in bivariate analysis

Age (years)^**,a

14.13 ± 1.32

14.18 ± 1.51

0.709

14.16 ± 1.38

14.16 ± 1.63

0.987

Sex

0.015

0.002

 Male

84 (36.8)

144 (63.2)

180 (79.0)

48 (21.1)

 Female

74 (26.7)

203 (73.3)

185 (66.8)

92 (33.2)

BMI (categorized)

0.858

0.839

 Underweight

13 (37.1)

22 (62.9)

24 (68.6)

11 (31.4)

 Normal

97 (30.1)

225 (69.9)

236 (73.3)

86 (26.7)

 Overweight

32 (31.7)

69 (68.3)

70 (69.3)

31 (30.7)

 Obese

14 (31.8)

30 (68.2)

32 (72.7)

12 (27.3)

Alcohol consumption

0.028

0.053

 No

123 (34.2)

237 (65.8)

269 (74.7)

91 (25.3)

 Yes

35 (24.1)

110 (75.9)

96 (66.2)

49 (33.8)

Tobacco use

0.248

0.156

 No

157 (31.6)

340 (68.4)

361 (72.6)

136 (27.4)

 Yes

1 (12.5)

7 (87.5)

4 (50.0)

4 (50.0)

Failing courses

0.431

0.764

 No

113 (32.6)

234 (67.4)

253 (72.9)

94 (27.1)

 Yes

45 (29.0)

110 (71.0)

111 (71.6)

44 (28.4)

Self-esteem

22.52 ± 3.26

22.44 ± 3.69

0.798

22.3 ± 3.47

22.89 ± 3.75

0.100

Physical activity

1.92 (1.56–2.31)

1.89 (1.58–2.31)

0.946

1.89 (1.61–2.31)

1.89 (1.5–2.28)

0.711

Eating Disorder

 < 0.001

0.005

 No

146 (35.0)

271 (65.0)

312 (74.8)

105 (25.2)

 Yes

12 (13.6)

76 (86.4)

53 (60.2)

35 (39.8)

Insomnia

 < 0.001

0.001

 Clinical insomnia absent

123 (39.2)

191 (60.8)

246 (78.3)

68 (21.7)

 Subclinical insomnia

31 (18.3)

138 (81.7)

107 (63.3)

62 (36.7)

 Moderate clinical insomnia

3 (16.7)

15 (83.3)

9 (50.0)

9 (50.0)

 Severe clinical insomnia

1 (25.0)

3 (75.0)

3 (75.0)

1 (25.0)

Use of devices to connect to the Internet (hours)

0.156

0.364

 < 1 h

15 (50.0)

15 (50.0)

25 (83.3)

5 (16.7)

 1 to 2 h

24 (32.9)

49 (67.1)

52 (71.2)

21 (28.8)

 2 to 3 h

27 (31.4)

59 (68.6)

64 (74.4)

22 (25.6)

 3 to 4 h

17 (24.3)

53 (75.7)

45 (64.3)

25 (35.7)

 > 4 h

75 (30.5)

171 (69.5)

179 (72.8)

67 (27.2)

Academic internet use

0.002

0.311

 No

66 (25.1)

197 (74.9)

185 (70.3)

78 (29.7)

 Yes

92 (38.0)

150 (62.0)

180 (74.4)

62 (25.6)

Internet use for social interaction

0.379

0.048

 No

118 (32.4)

246 (67.6)

272 (74.7)

92 (25.3)

 Yes

40 (28.4)

101 (71.6)

93 (66.0)

48 (34.0)

Internet use for gaming

0.011

0.466

 No

134 (34.1)

259 (65.9)

281 (71.5)

112 (28.5)

 Yes

24 (21.4)

88 (78.6)

84 (75.0)

28 (25.0)

Internet addiction disorder

0.032

0.002

 Normal

130 (34.8)

244 (65.2)

283 (75.7)

91 (24.3)

 Mild

25 (22.3)

87 (77.7)

71 (63.4)

41 (36.6)

 Moderate

3 (18.8)

13 (81.3)

11 (68.8)

5 (31.3)

 Severe

0 (0.0)

3 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (100.0)