Table 3 Factors associated with depression and anxiety, in simple and multiple regression analysis

Age (years)

1.01

0.98–1.03

0.571

0.99

0.95–1.03

0.588

1.00

0.92–1.08

0.982

0.98

0.92–1.04

0.533

Sex

 Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Female

1.16

1.12–1.20

 < 0.001

1.15

1.08–1-23

 < 0.001

1.58

1.27–1.95

 < 0.001

1.40

1.17–1.67

 < 0.001

BMI(categorized)

 Underweight

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Normal

1.11

0.90–1.37

0.325

1.09

0.91–1.30

0.361

0.85

0.54–1.33

0.479

0.78

0.54–1.12

0.176

 Overweight

1.09

0.84–1.40

0.523

1.09

0.85–1.40

0.488

0.98

0.63–1.52

0.916

0.88

0.57–1.36

0.566

 Obese

1.08

0.81–1.45

0.582

0.98

0.72–1.35

0.920

0.87

0.51–1.47

0.598

0.82

0.40–1.69

0.596

Alcohol consumption

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.15

1.08–1.23

 < 0.001

1.07

1.01–1.13

0.025

1.34

1.02–1.74

0.003

1.09

0.88–1.34

0.424

Tobacco use

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.28

1.05–1.56

0.014

1.13

0.85–1.50

0.411

1.83

0.87–3.82

0.110

1.57

0.71–3.46

0.261

Failing courses

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.05

0.98–1.13

0.166

1.03

0.91–1.16

0.687

1.05

0.78–1.41

0.759

1.04

0.87–1.23

0.697

Self-esteem

1.00

0.98–1.01

0.758

1.00

0.99–1.01

0.985

1.03

1.00–1.07

0.045

1.04

1.00–1.07

0.063

Physical activity

1.00

0.90–1.11

0.992

1.02

0.93–1.12

0.687

0.92

0.74–1.15

0.472

1.00

0.80–1.25

0.993

Eating Disorder

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.33

1.19–1.48

 < 0.001

1.25

1.08–1.44

0.003

1.58

1.35–1.85

 < 0.001

1.37

1.01–1.87

0.046

Insomnia

 Clinical insomnia absent

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Subclinical insomnia

1.34

1.18–1-52

 < 0.001

1.28

1.12–1.46

 < 0.001

1.69

1.22–2.36

0.002

1.42

1.01–2.01

0.049

 Moderate clinical insomnia

1.37

1.17–1.60

 < 0.001

1.18

0.89–1.57

0.251

2.31

1.76–3.04

 < 0.001

1.44

0.97–2.13

0.073

 Severe clinical insomnia

1.23

0.81–1.88

0.332

1.04

0.62–1.74

0.882

1.15

0.18–7.24

0.878

0.69

0.07–6.87

0.750

Use of devices to connect to the Internet (hours)

 < 1 h

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 1 to 2 h

1.34

1.12–1.61

0.002

1.25

0.99–1.57

0.062

1.73

0.66–4.53

0.267

1.44

0.46–4.51

0.531

 2 to 3 h

1.37

1.21–1.56

 < 0.001

1.26

1.02–1.56

0.033

1.53

0.57–4.14

0.397

1.52

0.50–4.68

0.463

 3 to 4 h

1.51

1.20–1.91

 < 0.001

1.50

1.14–1.99

0.004

2.14

0.85–5.42

0.108

1.86

0.70–4.94

0.213

 > 4 h

1.39

1.24–1.56

 < 0.001

1.33

1.11–1.60

0.002

1.63

0.84–3.18

0.149

1.29

0.70–2.40

0.416

Academic internet use

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.83

0.70–0.97

0.024

0.85

0.74–0.98

0.022

0.86

0.66–1.14

0.295

1.10

0.88–1.39

0.405

Internet use for social interaction

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.06

0.96–1.17

0.243

0.96

0.80–1.15

0.661

1.35

1.01–1.80

0.043

1.31

1.07–1.61

0.010

Internet use for gaming

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.19

1.02–1.39

0.024

1.13

0.98–1.31

0.094

0.88

0.60–1.27

0.490

0.96

0.73–1.26

0.764

Internet addiction disorder

 Normal

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Mild

1.19

1.05–1.35

0.006

0.98

0.86–1.10

0.696

1.50

1.08–2.09

0.015

1.24

0.75–2.04

0.410

 Moderate

1.25

1.02–1.53

0.034

0.95

0.82–1.09

0.455

1.28

0.45–3.66

0.639

0.81

0.28–2.31

0.690

 Severe

1.53

1.47–1.60

 < 0.001

1.08

0.96–1.22

0.201

4.11

3.35–5.05

 < 0.001

2.96

1.86–4.71

 < 0.001