Table 3 Treatment related characteristics of study participants at PWJMC and SAMSH from December 2021 to June 2022

Category of psychotropic medications used

 Conventional antipsychotics

  Haloperidol

65

23.38

  Flufenazine decanoate depot

21

7.55

  Chlorpromazine

14

5.04

 Atypical antipsychotics

  Risperidone

192

69.06

  Olanzapine

35

12.59

 Mood stabilizer

  Sodium valproate

79

28.42

  Carbamazepine

22

7.91

 Anti-depressant

  Fluoxetine

21

7.55

  Amitriptyline

16

5.76

  Imipramine

15

5.4

  Sertraline

2

0.72

 Benzodiazepines

  Diazepam

123

44.24

  Lorazepam

22

7.91

  Bromazepam

15

5.4

 Non-psychotropic co-medications used

  Trihexyphenidyl

34

12.23

  Thiamine

14

5.04

  Propranolol

7

2.52

  Phenobarbital

5

1.8

  Phenytoin

2

0.72

  HAART

5

1.8

  Amlodipine

4

1.44

  Salbutamol puff

2

0.72

  Multivitamins

2

0.72

Number of psychotropic medications used per patient, μ and SD

2.31 ± 0.91

 Psychiatric polypharmacy

  Yes

232

83.45

  No

46

16.55

Number of non-psychotropic medications used per patient, μ and SD

0.27 ± 0.50

Total number of medications used per patient, μ and SD

2.57 ± 0.98

 Past psychotropic medication history

  Yes

205

73.74

  No

73

26.26

Length of psychotropic treatment before admission (years), μ and SD

4.31 ± 5.78

 Electroconvulsive therapy use

  Yes

20

7.19

  No

258

92.81

 Self-reported substance use

  Yes

113

40.65

  No

165

59.35

 Specific substance use

  Khat

104

37.41

  Cigarette

78

28.06

  Alcohol

58

20.86

  Cannabis

2

0.72

 Adherence to medications

  Non-adherent

144

51.8

  Adherent

134

48.2

 Is there ADR?

  Yes

55

19.78

  No

223

80.22

 Specific ADR encountered

  Pseudo parkinsonism

35

12.59

  Dystonia

14

5.04

  Akathisia

6

2.16

  Orthostatic hypotension

5

1.8

  Weight gain

16

5.76