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Table 3 Redefined coding grid as per the iterative process

From: Exploration of the role of emotional expression of treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients having followed virtual reality therapy: a content analysis

Emotions

Cues

Anger

The interlocutor presented an irregular or a faster response than usual with a clear attempt to preserve their dignity or cease an individual violation of their integrity.

Contempt/ Disgust

The interlocutor uses humiliation, belittlement or lack respect to their interlocutor. They may use sarcasm, provocation, hostility, or sound repulsed.

Fear

The interlocutor demonstrates difficulty in completing declarations, laugh nervously, portray difficulty to express themselves.

Sadness

The interlocutor adopts a slower speech with a monotone tonality. There is a clear increase in pauses or an increase in the use of possessive singular pronouns.

Shame/ Embarrassment

The interlocutor’s speech content depicts uselessness, powerlessness, and a negative perception of Self.

Interest

The interlocutor uses open-ended questions, shows interest to what their peer is saying and engages respectfully in the discussion.

Surprise

The interlocutor has a spontaneous response that displays a brief emotion, with an acceleration of speech and audible panting.

Joy

The interlocutor demonstrates a clear increase in satisfaction, excitement, laughs and has an increase in the speed of their speech.

Neutral

The interlocutor’s interaction has no speech or content valence such as a change in tonality, in speed or engages conversation with neutral content.