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Table 5 Adjusted Hazard ratios (HR) for death in participants with a diagnosis of subtypes of anxiety using Cox proportional modelling

From: The risk of all-cause mortality associated with anxiety: a retrospective cohort study using ‘The Health Improvement Network’ database

Covariate

Phobias HR (95% CI)

Other anxiety HR (95% CI)

Stress-related HR (95%CI)

Anxiety

0·98 (0·91 − 1·05)

1·07 (1·05 − 1·09)

0·88 (0·80 − 0·97)

Age

1·10 (1·09 − 1·10)

1·10 (1·10 − 1·10)

1·10 (1·10 − 1·10)

Sex a

0·73 (0·68 − 0·78)

0·73 (0·72 − 0·75)

0·70 (0·64 − 0·77)

Townsend deprivation quintile b

 2

1·12 (1·10 − 1·36)

1·12 (1·08 − 1·15)

1·20 (1·04 − 1·38)

 3

1·25 (1·13 − 1·39)

1·19 (1·15 − 1·22)

1·09 (0·93 − 1·26)

 4

1·47 (1·32 − 1·63)

1·34 (1·30 − 1·38)

1·44 (1·24 − 1·67)

 5

1·53 (1·36 − 1·72)

1·45 (1·41 − 1·50)

1·54 (1·32 − 1·79)

 Missing

1·34 (1·18 − 1·52)

1·15 (1·11 − 1·20)

1·19 (0·98 − 1·43)

Use of alcohol c

 Light-moderate

0·77 (0·71 − 0·84)

0·84 (0·82 − 0·86)

0·85 (0·75 − 0·96)

 Heavy

1·79 (1·56 − 2·06)

1·75 (1·68 − 1·83)

1·80 (1·50 − 2·17)

 Missing

1·13 (1·02 − 1·27)

1·12 (1·09 − 1·16)

1·10 (0·92 − 1·30)

Current smoking d

1·96 (1·82 − 2·12)

1·83 (1·79 − 1·88)

2·09 (1·88 − 2·32)

Comorbid depression e

1·15 (1·06 − 1·26)

1·08 (1·05 − 1·10)

1·07 (0·96 − 1·21)

Comorbid SMI f

1·62 (1·28 − 2·04)

1·44 (1·36 − 1·53)

2·87 (2·17 − 3·82)

Charlson Index g

 1

1·56 (1·44 − 1·69)

1·59 (1·55 − 1·63)

1·60 (1·43 − 1·80)

 2

2·21 (2·01–2·44)

2·04 (1·99 − 2·10)

2·09 (1·80 − 2·41)

 3

2·42 (2·10 − 2·78)

2·52 (2·43 − 2·61)

3·26 (2·71 − 3·92)

 4

3·91 (3·23 − 4·73)

3·11 (2·96 − 3·27)

4·04 (3·16 − 5·18)

 5 or more

7·42 (6·19 − 8·89)

4·88 (4·64 − 5·13)

7·41 (5·82 − 9·43)

  1. Adjusted to include: age, sex, Townsend deprivation quintile, alcohol and smoking use, comorbid depression and SMI, and Charlson comorbidity indicator·
  2. SMI Severe mental illness
  3. a reference is male
  4. b reference is 1st deprivation quintile
  5. c reference is non-drinker
  6. d reference is non-smoker
  7. e reference is no depression
  8. f reference is no SMI
  9. g reference is Charlson Index 0