Table 3 Descriptive Data on Changes in Emotion Regulation and Parenting Style in Both Groups Across all Four Time Points

Adaptive strategies (FEEL-KJ)

57

129.33

(31.19)

43

134.37

(33.78)

40

141.65

(34.67)

40

138.40

(35.04)

40

132.96

(28.48)

35

142.63

(27.31)

38

139.27

(24.39)

38

141.39

(30.94)

 Problem-solving

57

19.58

(5.00)

43

20.23

(5.24)

40

21.53

(5.26)

40

21.13

(5.71)

48

19.83

(5.35)

35

22.26

(5.41)

37

20.86

(5.30)

38

21.37

(5.6)

 Distraction

57

19.35

(5.99)

43

20.56

(6.22)

40

21.00

(6.07)

40

20.88

(5.74)

48

19.43

(5.36)

35

20.86

(4.91)

37

19.16

(5.97)

38

20.05

(5.20)

 Positive thinking

57

18.77

(5.95)

43

20.09

(5.69)

40

21.35

(5.82)

40

20.15

(6.17)

48

19.20

(5.76)

35

19.91

(5.83)

37

18.38

(6.12)

38

20.34

(5.21)

 Acceptance

57

17.77

(6.18)

43

18.81

(6.34)

40

20.60

(5.94)

40

20.35

(6.15)

48

19.60

(5.57)

35

20.00

(4.58)

37

21.29

(3.76)

38

20.68

(5.56)

 Forgetting

57

19.42

(4.98)

43

19.07

(5.09)

40

19.80

(5.1)

40

19.05

(5.32)

48

19.16

(4.66)

35

20.17

(4.46)

37

19.91

(3.90)

38

19.47

(4.86)

 Reappraisal

57

20.07

(5.31)

43

19.53

(5.28)

40

20.45

(6.1)

40

20.10

(6.11)

48

19.75

(6.11)

35

22.00

(5.19)

37

121.18

(5.34)

38

20.76

(5.75)

 Cognitive problem-solving

57

14.37

(5.33)

43

16.00

(5.31)

40

17.05

(5.86)

40

16.78

(5.84)

48

15.95

(4.67)

35

17.43

(5.20)

38

18.00

(3.89)

38

17.39

(5.04)

Maladaptive strategies (FEEL-KJ)

57

69.35

(13.65)

43

71.63

(17.15)

40

71.43

(17.85)

40

67.58

(15.41)

48

69.68

(15.78)

35

72.03

(15.04)

37

76.13

(17.97)

38

70.45

(17.14)

 Giving up

57

13.89

(3.99)

43

13.93

(5.44)

40

14.53

(5.44)

40

12.85

(4.63)

48

13.06

(4.73)

35

13.11

(4.44)

37

14.45

(5.4)

38

13.61

(4.87)

 Aggressive actions

57

10.02

(3.62)

43

11.93

(4.04)

40

10.80

(3.50)

40

10.33

(3.56)

48

12.89

(4.63)

35

10.77

(4.06)

37

14.48

(5.47)

38

10.55

(3.64)

 Withdrawal

57

14.58

(4.39)

43

14.88

(5.36)

40

14.85

(5.81)

40

13.55

(4.67)

48

14.87

(4.80)

35

15.31

(4.8)

37

16.51

(4.63)

38

15.26

(4.64)

 Self-devaluation

57

13.68

(5.39)

43

13.67

(4.89)

40

13.68

(5.01)

40

13.58

(5.49)

48

13.68

(4.71)

35

15.09

(5.2)

37

16.94

(6.07)

38

14.95

(5.65)

 Rumination

57

17.18

(5.56)

43

17.21

(4.42)

40

17.53

(5.01)

40

17.28

(4.86)

48

16.95

(4.40)

35

17.74

(5.13)

37

16.81

(5.72)

38

16.08

(5.43)

 Positive Parenting (ESI)

55

74.71 (11.69)

41

74.51 (14.70)

41

73.21 (17.40)

40

69.65 (19.30)

45

70.51 (12.51)

34

72.00 (16.66)

37

65.27 (16.70)

39

67.95 (17.17)

 Negative Parenting (ESI)

54

67.50 (15.56)

42

64.62 (14.25)

39

60.82 (11.62)

40

65.35 (15.91)

45

67.11 (13.30)

33

67.70 (12.33)

37

69.35 (14.52)

39

69.85 (17.98)