Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (N = 4352)
Variables | Total | Male | Female | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N(Weighted %) | N(Weighted %) | N(Weighted %) | ||
Total | 4352(100.0) | 1912(43.9) | 2440(56.1) | |
Age (years) | ||||
40–64 | 2671(71.8) | 1188(74.8) | 1483(69.0) | < .001 |
≥ 65 | 1681(28.2) | 724(25.2) | 957(31.0) | |
Household income level | ||||
1st quintile (lowest) | 789(14.3) | 291(11.4) | 498(17.0) | < .001 |
2nd quintile | 873(17.6) | 375(16.8) | 498(18.2) | |
3rd quintile | 835(20.3) | 373(20.6) | 462(20.1) | |
4th quintile | 922(23.5) | 420(24.2) | 502(22.9) | |
5th quintile (highest) | 912(24.3) | 447(27.0) | 465(21.8) | |
Education level | ||||
≥College | 1204(35.8) | 645(42.5) | 559(29.5) | < .001 |
High school | 1264(35.5) | 573(35.0) | 691(35.8) | |
≤Middle school | 1424(28.7) | 500(22.5) | 924(34.7) | |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 3275(78.1) | 1580(82.9) | 1695(73.7) | < .001 |
Others | 1077(21.9) | 332(17.1) | 745(26.3) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
Underweight (< 18.5) | 115(2.7) | 48(2.3) | 67(3.1) | < .001 |
Normal (18.5 ≤ < 23) | 1448(32.5) | 500(23.5) | 948(41.1) | |
Overweight (23 ≤ < 25) | 1049(25.6) | 512(28.8) | 537(22.5) | |
Obesity (≥ 25) | 1651(39.2) | 822(45.4) | 829(33.3) | |
Current drinking | ||||
Yes | 2704(66.8) | 1430(78.2) | 1274(56.1) | < .001 |
No | 1647(33.2) | 481(21.8) | 1166(43.9) | |
Current smoking | ||||
Yes | 660(17.4) | 569(32.2) | 91(3.5) | < .001 |
No | 3691(82.6) | 1342(67.8) | 2349(96.5) | |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
Normal (SBP < 120 or DBP < 80) | 1328(33.4) | 451(25.7) | 877(40.7) | < .001 |
Pre-hypertension (120 ≤ SBP < 140 or 80 ≤ DBP < 90) | 1098(26.7) | 532(29.8) | 566(23.9) | |
Hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90) | 1845(39.8) | 890(44.5) | 955(35.5) | |
Snoring | ||||
Yes | 769(19.0) | 454(25.9) | 315(12.4) | < .001 |
No | 3582(81.0) | 1457(74.1) | 2125(87.6) | |
Tiredness | ||||
Yes | 1156(27.2) | 473(25.9) | 683(28.3) | .015 |
No | 3195(72.8) | 1438(74.1) | 1757(71.7) | |
Observed apnea | ||||
Yes | 342(8.7) | 261(14.3) | 81(3.5) | < .001 |
No | 4009(91.3) | 1650(85.7) | 2359(96.5) | |
STOP (0–4) | ||||
Normal (0) | 1483(36.3) | 555(30.6) | 928(41.7) | < .001 |
Low risk of OSA (1) | 1814(40.6) | 790(39.9) | 1024(41.1) | |
High risk of OSA (≥ 2) | 974(23.1) | 528(29.5) | 446(17.2) | |
PHQ-9 (0–27) | ||||
M(SD) | 2.26(3.47) | 1.71(3.09) | 2.51(3.70) | < .001 |
Normal/minimal (0–4) | 3241(84.6) | 1509(88.0) | 1732(81.4) | |
Mild (5–9) | 434(11.4) | 140(8.6) | 294(14.0) | |
Moderate-severe (≥ 10) | 176(4.0) | 56(3.4) | 120(4.7) | |