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Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of study groups

From: Low cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis: a clinical study

 

Individuals without cognitive impairment

(Group 1, G1)

Mild neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease

(Group 2, G2)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

(Group 3, G3)

Systemic Sclerosis

(Group 4, G4)

Pairwise comparisons

     

G1 vs. G2

G1 vs. G3

G1 vs. G4

G2 vs. G3

G2 vs. G4

G3 vs. G4

 

N

26

33

30

24

       

Age, years*

62.81 (9.69) [43–79]

73.09 (7.18) [58–86]

63.23 (11.01) [29–82]

60.54 (10.14) [36–77]

< 0.001‡‡

1.000‡‡

1.000‡‡

< 0.001‡‡

< 0.001‡‡

0.904‡‡

 

Education, years*

13.42 (2.35) [9–16]

9.79 (4.37) [4–18]

9.13 (4.21) [3–18]

10.04 (4.31) [6–18]

< 0.003‡‡

0.001‡‡

0.017‡‡

1.000‡‡

1.000‡‡

1.000‡‡

 

Sex (female, N, %)

17 (65.38)

15 (45.45)

23 (76.67)

19 (79.17)

0.518

0.189

0.558

0.009

0.014

1.00

 

Demographic and clinical data

           

Disease duration, years*

N/A

N/A

13.85 (9.10) [2–28]

11.38 (7.86) [1–28]

     

0.349

 
 

N/A

N/A

DAS 28*

3.09 (1.34) [1.11-6.00]

SHAQ*

1.5 (0.66) [0–2]

       
   

RF, (N)

15

Diffuse Systemic sclerosis (N)

12

       
   

ACPA (N)

10

Limited Systemic sclerosis (N)

12

       
   

Erosions (N)

11

ATA (N)

12

       
     

ACA (N)

6

       
     

mRSS*

6.35 (4.54) [2–18]

       
     

FVC*

88.13 (17.14) [62–119]

       
     

DLCO*

59.76 (17.89) [21–97]

       
     

ILD (N)

18

       
     

GI (N)

17

       
     

DU (N)

13

       
     

MUSC (N)

3

       
     

PAH (N)

1

       

Antirheumatic treatment

             

Steroids (N)

  

17

 

3

        

HCQ (N)

  

6

 

4

        

AZA (N)

  

0

 

1

        

MMF (N)

  

0

 

8

        

DMARD (MTX or LEF) (N)

  

21

 

0

        

Biologictherapies (N)

  

16

 

8

        

Vasoreactive therapy (BOS and/orPDE5i) (N)

  

0

 

10

        
  1. *mean (standard deviation)[range];
  2. DAS28: Disease Activity Score 28; RF: rheumatoid factor; ACPA: Anti-citrullinated peptide antibody; SHAQ: Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire; ATAAnti-topoisomerase I antibodies; ACA :anti-centromere antibodies mRSS: modified Rodnan skin score; FVC: Forced vital capacity; DLCO: Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; ILD: Interstitial lung disease; GI: Gastrointestinal manifestations; DU: Digital ulcers; MUSC: SSc related muscle disease; PAH: Pulmonary arterial hypertension; HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine, AZA: Azathioprine, MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil, DMARDs: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; BOSbosentan PDE5i: phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
  3. ‡‡Dunn’s post-hoc test p-value after Kruskal–Wallis test (Bonferroni adjustment), Wilcoxol rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test; Pearson Chi square post hoc using adjusted residuals and Bonferroni correction