Table 2 Cognitive performance and depressive symptoms in study groups
Individuals without cognitive impairment (Group 1, G1) | Mild neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease (Group 2, G2) | Rheumatoid Arthritis (Group 3, G3) | Systemic Sclerosis (Group 4, G4) | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 vs. G2 | G1 vs. G3 | G1 vs. G4 | G2 vs. G3 | G2 vs. G4 | G3 vs. G4 | |||||
MMSE* | 29.00 (1.06) [27–30] | 26.70 (2.05) [22–30] | 25.40 (3.57) [18–30] | 27.75 (2.72) [19–30] | < 0.001‡‡ | < 0.001‡‡ | 0.264‡‡ | 1.000‡‡ | 0.064‡‡ | 0.0176‡‡ |
GDS* | 4.69 (4.57) [0–14] | 5.42 (4.71) [0–15] | 4.77 (3.76) [0–12] | 4.13 (3.46) [0–10] | 1.0000‡‡ | 1.000‡‡ | 1.000‡‡ | 1.000‡‡ | 1.000‡ | 1.000‡‡ |
Prospective Memory* | 0.35 (0.49) [0–1] | 0 (0) [0–0] | 0.37 (0.49) [0–1] | 0.54 (0.51) [0–1] | 0.012‡‡ | 1.000‡‡ | 0.391‡‡ | 0.004‡‡ | < 0.001‡‡ | 0.485‡‡ |
Short-term Memory* | 5.19 (1.36) [2–8] | 3.30 (1.19) [0–5] | 3.53 (2.16) [0–8] | 4.46 (1.72) [2–8] | < 0.001‡ | 0.002‡ | 0.705‡ | 1.000‡ | < 0.060‡ | 0.254‡ |
Long-term Memory* | 5.96 (1.37) [3–8] | 3.73 (1.68) [0–8] | 5.23 (2.16) [2–8] | 6.04 (1.81) [3–8] | < 0.001‡ | 0.786‡ | 1.000‡ | 0.007‡ | < 0.001‡ | 0.608‡ |
Working Memory* | 7.88 (2.60) [4–12] | 5.61 (2.33) [2–12] | 6.33 (3.34) [0–12] | 7.79 (3.45) [0–12] | 0.023‡ | 0.307‡ | 1.000‡ | 1.000‡ | 0.039‡ | 0.434‡ |
Verbal Fluency* | 25.62 (7.63) [14–44] | 15.33 (7.79) [2–38] | 12.40 (7.07) [4–36] | 13.79 (5.91) [6–27] | < 0.001‡‡ | < 0.001‡‡ | < 0.001‡‡ | 0.2819‡ | 1.000‡‡ | 0.997‡‡ |
Inductive Reasoning* | 3.65 (1.92) [2–8] | 1.79 (1.36) [0–5] | 2.33 (3.04) [0–8] | 3.21 (2.87) [0–8] | 0.004‡‡ | 0.007‡‡ | 0.670‡‡ | 1.000‡‡ | 0.202‡‡ | 0.247‡‡ |
COGTEL+* | 37.19 (7.39) [26.7–52.6] | 23.27 (5.56) [9.90–34.30] | 28.33 (14.57) [10.2–55.0] | 34.20 (13.28) [14.3–54.0] | < 0.001‡‡ | 0.003‡‡ | 0.538‡‡ | 0.448‡‡ | 0.004‡‡ | 0.196‡‡ |
SST* | 4.62 (0.98) [2–5] | 3.76 (1.82) [1–5] | 2.80 (1.97) [0–5] | 4.38 (1.38) [1–5] | 0.238‡‡ | < 0.001‡‡ | 1.000‡‡ | 0.079‡‡ | 0.739‡‡ | 0.004‡‡ |