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Table 3 Mediation analysis of GMVs (M) on Urbanicity (X) and MCCB performance (Y)

From: The effects of environmental factors associated with childhood urbanicity on brain structure and cognition

Variables

Step 1 c

Step 1

Step 3 b

Step 3

Step 3 c’

Step 3

Sobel

Sobel

Indirect

Result

p value

c

p value

b

p value

c’

p value

z value

Effect

Step 2 (M: total GMV) M = 3.61X + 745.79, p = 1.73E-02

 Attention/Vigilance

1.83E-03

0.568

7.05E-01

5.927

4.22E-03

0.549

9.30E-01

0.562

0.019

N.M

 Working Memory

4.39E-03

0.644

6.25E-05

19.326

2.67E-02

0.527

7.25E-02

2.448

0.117

M

 Verbal Learning

6.85E-10

1.215

1.47E + 00

7.785

4.12E-10

1.212

1.62E + 00

0.089

0.004

N.M

 Visual Learning

2.30E-03

0.433

1.73E + 00

-2.317

1.62E-03

0.470

1.84E + 00

-1.362

-0.037

N.M

 Reasoning and Problem Solving

8.90E-09

1.042

2.27E-05

21.823

1.85E-07

0.925

6.55E-02

2.688

0.118

M

 Social cognition

3.97E-01

0.296

1.49E + 00

-0.957

3.02E-01

0.317

1.63E + 00

-0.577

-0.021

N.M

 Speed of Processing

5.60E-10

1.088

1.90E + 00

0.453

1.64E-09

1.134

2.00E + 00

-1.263

-0.046

N.M

 Total MCCB Score

8.00E-15

0.758

1.01E-01

7.424

9.50E-14

0.737

3.39E-01

1.071

0.022

N.M

Step 2 (M: DLPFC) M = 7.23E-03X + 0.56, p = 1.59E-05

 Attention/Vigilance

1.83E-03

0.568

1.00E + 00

5.927

3.76E-03

0.549

2.87E + 00

0.562

0.019

N.M

 Working Memory

4.39E-03

0.644

2.70E-03

19.326

3.58E-02

0.527

7.18E-02

2.448

0.117

M

 Verbal Learning

6.83E-10

1.215

8.13E-01

7.785

1.92E-09

1.212

4.65E + 00

0.089

0.004

N.M

 Visual Learning

2.30E-03

0.433

2.59E + 00

-2.317

9.89E-04

0.470

8.65E-01

-1.362

-0.037

N.M

 Reasoning and Problem Solving

8.90E-09

1.042

7.59E-05

21.823

5.96E-07

0.925

3.59E-02

2.688

0.118

M

 Social Cognition

3.97E-01

0.296

4.22E + 00

-0.957

3.32E-01

0.317

2.82E + 00

-0.577

-0.021

N.M

 Speed of Processing

5.59E-10

1.088

4.64E + 00

0.453

2.44E-10

1.134

1.03E + 00

-1.263

-0.046

N.M

 Total MCCB Score

7.98E-15

0.758

4.31E-02

7.424

1.52E-13

0.737

1.42E + 00

1.071

0.022

M

Step 2 (M: Temporal Pole) M = 6.23E-03X + 0.43, p = 2.79E-4

 Attention/Vigilance

1.83E-03

0.568

1.52E + 00

-4.775

6.40E-04

0.621

5.32E-01

-1.615

-0.053

N.M

 Working Memory

4.39E-03

0.644

3.69E-01

10.092

1.12E-02

0.601

1.21E + 00

1.169

0.043

N.M

 Verbal Learning

6.85E-10

1.215

3.60E + 00

2.015

5.35E-10

1.243

2.09E + 00

-0.810

-0.028

N.M

 Visual Learning

2.30E-03

0.433

3.74E + 00

-1.162

1.47E-03

0.455

1.70E + 00

-0.953

-0.022

N.M

 Reasoning and Problem Solving

8.90E-09

1.042

2.16E-02

14.570

9.95E-08

0.984

4.42E-01

1.704

0.059

M

 Social Cognition

3.97E-01

0.296

1.14E + 00

-5.907

2.24E-01

0.343

7.35E-01

-1.450

-0.048

N.M

 Speed of Processing

5.60E-10

1.088

4.01E + 00

-1.258

1.97E-10

1.133

8.19E-01

-1.392

-0.045

N.M

 Total MCCB Score

8.00E-15

0.758

2.50E + 00

1.921

7.85E-15

0.772

2.20E + 00

-0.771

-0.013

N.M

Step 2 (M: BA11) M = -2.58E-03X + 0.48, p = 2.32E-1

 Attention/Vigilance

1.83E-03

0.568

1.09E + 00

6.848

1.12E-03

0.590

1.12E + 00

-1.218

-0.022

N.M

 Working Memory

4.39E-03

0.644

1.06E-04

28.518

7.35E-04

0.724

3.31E-01

-1.837

-0.080

N.M

 Verbal Learning

6.85E-10

1.215

4.65E + 00

-0.598

6.30E-10

1.223

3.14E + 00

-0.485

-0.008

N.M

 Visual Learning

2.30E-03

0.433

6.78E-01

-6.446

3.56E-03

0.420

1.52E + 00

1.028

0.013

N.M

 Reasoning and Problem Solving

8.90E-09

1.042

3.06E-02

16.758

1.09E-09

1.094

4.21E-01

-1.727

-0.052

N.M

 Social Cognition

3.97E-01

0.296

2.76E-01

-11.220

5.55E-01

0.269

9.33E-01

1.321

0.027

N.M

 Speed of Processing

5.60E-10

1.088

4.34E + 00

-0.991

5.40E-10

1.095

3.40E + 00

-0.413

-0.006

N.M

 Total MCCB Score

8.00E-15

0.758

8.66E-01

4.651

1.85E-15

0.777

6.91E-01

-1.483

-0.018

N.M

Step 2 (M: BA8) M = -2.42E-03X + 0.47, p = 2.35E-1

 Attention/Vigilance

1.83E-03

0.568

3.92E + 00

1.639

1.59E-03

0.576

2.83E + 00

-0.575

-0.009

N.M

 Working Memory

4.39E-03

0.644

4.87E-02

18.608

1.60E-03

0.695

4.96E-01

-1.649

-0.051

N.M

 Verbal Learning

6.83E-10

1.215

2.06E + 00

-5.893

9.71E-10

1.211

3.95E + 00

0.267

0.005

N.M

 Visual Learning

2.30E-03

0.433

4.39E + 00

-0.704

2.32E-03

0.435

4.36E + 00

-0.162

-0.002

N.M

 Reasoning and Problem Solving

8.90E-09

1.042

1.63E-01

13.953

1.81E-09

1.085

5.25E-01

-1.621

-0.042

N.M

 Social Cognition

3.97E-01

0.296

4.71E + 00

-0.456

3.98E-01

0.297

4.67E + 00

-0.082

-0.001

N.M

 Speed of Processing

5.59E-10

1.088

1.20E + 00

-7.498

9.60E-10

1.079

2.73E + 00

0.605

0.009

N.M

 Total MCCB Score

7.98E-15

0.758

2.19E + 00

2.831

3.29E-15

0.771

1.08E + 00

-1.236

-0.013

N.M

  1. The p values in this table are shown after multiple comparison corrections. M. means mediation effect. N.M. means no mediation effect. Step 1 regression analysis is Y = cX + e1. Step 2 regression analysis is M = aX + e2. Step 3 regression analysis is Y = c’X + bM + e3. Then, we did Sobel test and calculated the indirect effect of each model
  2. MCCB MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, GMV Grey Matter Volume, DLPFC Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, BA Brodmann area
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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