Table 3 Correlates of Probable Depression and Depression Symptom Severity (N = 309)

ACEs, per point

1.12 (1.06, 1.18), < 0.001

0.51 (0.23, 0.80), < 0.001

Traumatic events, per point

1.16 (1.09, 1.23), < 0.001

0.82 (0.47, 1.17), < 0.001

Age, per year

0.99 (0.99, 1.01), 0.89

0.99 (0.98, 1.01), 0.31

-0.05 (-0.12, 0.01), 0.12

-0.08 (-0.15, -0.02), 0.01

Male sex (ref: female sex)

0.82 (0.62, 1.09), 0.18

0.75 (0.57, 0.98), 0.04

-1.98 (-3.32, -0.64), 0.004

-2.34 (-3.65, -1.03), < 0.001

History of psychiatric illness in the family (ref: No)

0.86 (0.67, 1.12), 0.24

0.92 (0.73, 1.16), 0.48

0.39 (-0.90, 1.67), 0.56

0.51 (-0.72, 1.75), 0.41

People in the household, per person

0.99 (0.95, 1.03), 0.57

0.98 (0.94, 1.03), 0.48

-0.21 (-0.46, 0.04), 0.09

-0.25 (-0.50, -0.003), 0.047

Children in the family, per child

0.96 (0.87, 1.05), 0.38

0.96 (0.87, 1.05), 0.37

-0.23 (-0.70, 0.24), 0.34

-0.19 (-0.65, 0.28), 0.43

Monthly income, per ZAR

0.99 (0.99, 1.00), 0.37

0.99 (0.99, 1.00), 0.37

-0.00 (-0.00, 0.004), 0.49

-0.00 (-0.00, 0.00), 0.57

Marital status

 Married

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Single

1.23 (0.83, 1.84), 0.31

1.21 (0.80, 1.82), 0.36

1.14 (-0.79, 3.06), 0.25

0.97 (-0.93, 2.86), 0.32

 Widowed/divorced /separated

1.14 (0.74, 1.77), 0.55

1.06 (0.67, 1.67), 0.80

0.61 (-1.60, 2.81), 0.59

0.26 (-1.91, 2.43), 0.82

Education

 Completed primary school

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Completed high school

1.55 (1.15, 2.09), < 0.001

1.51 (1.12, 2.02), 0.01

2.06 (0.65, 3.46), < 0.01

1.84 (0.46, 3.22), 0.01

 Some college/ university

1.50 (1.05, 2.15), 0.025

1.44 (1.01, 2.05), 0.04

1.80 (-0.04, 3.64), 0.06

1.53 (-0.27, 3.34), 0.10

Self-rated physical health, per point

0.49 (0.40, 0.61), < 0.001

0.50 (0.40, 0.63), < 0.001

-5.11 (-6.52, -3.70), < 0.001

-4.90 (-6.30, -3.51), < 0.001

HIV positive

0.77 (0.55, 1.08), 0.13

0.74 (0.53, 1.03), 0.08

-0.97 (-2.62, 0.68), 0.25

-1.12 (-2.73, 0.51), 0.18