Table 2 The scores of questionnaires from HCWs according working in COVID-19 area or not (n = 730)

DASS-21 Stress

Median (IQR)

12 (6–18)

12 (6–18)

10 (4–14)

0.078

Normal (0–10) (%)

364 (49.9)

271 (48.8)

93 (53.1)

Mild (11–18) (%)

226 (31)

175 (31.5)

51 (29.1)

Moderate (19–26) (%)

77 (10.5)

58 (10.5)

19 (10.9)

Severe (27–34) (%)

48 (6.6)

36 (6.5)

12 (6.9)

Extremely severe (35–42) (%)

15 (2.1)

15 (2.7)

0

DASS-21 Anxiety

Median (IQR)

6 (2–12)

6 (2–12)

4 (2–10)

0.005*

Normal (0–6) (%)

391 (53.6)

282 (50.8)

109 (62.3)

Mild (7–9) (%)

76 (10.4)

61 (11)

15 (8.6)

Moderate (10–14) (%)

142 (19.5)

111 (20)

31 (17.7)

Severe (15–19) (%)

42 (5.8)

35 (6.3)

7 (4)

Extremely severe (20–42) (%)

79 (10.8)

66 (11.9)

13 (7.4)

DASS-21 Depression

Median (IQR)

6 (2–14)

6 (2–14)

6 (0–12)

0.040*

Normal (0–9) (%)

433 (59.3)

323 (58.2)

110 (62.9)

Mild (10–12) (%)

108 (14.8)

80 (14.4)

28 (16)

Moderate (13–20) (%)

103 (14.1)

79 (14.2)

24 (13.7)

Severe (21–27) (%)

39 (5.3)

31 (5.6)

8 (4.6)

Extremely severe (28–42) (%)

47 (6.4)

42 (7.6)

5 (2.9)

Total score of DASS-21

Mean ± SD

24 (12–40)

26 (12–42)

20 (8–36)

0.016*

Normal-Moderate (≤ 24) (%)

370 (50.7)

271 (48.8)

99 (56.6)

Severe/extremely severe (> 24) (%)

360 (49.3)

284 (51.2)

76 (43.4)

Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire

n = 852

n = 640

n = 212

Emotional exhaustion

Median (IQR)

22 (11–32)

23 (12–34)

18 (8–27)

 < 0.001*

Low (0–16) (%)

328 (38.5)

232 (36.3)

96 (45.3)

Moderate (17–26) (%)

194 (22.8)

132 (20.7)

62 (29.2)

High (≥ 27) (%)

329 (38.7)

275 (43)

54 (25.5)

Depersonalization

Median (IQR)

6 (3–11)

6 (3–12)

5 (2–9)

 < 0.001*

Low (0–6) %)

452 (53.1)

322 (50.4)

130 (61.3)

Moderate (7–12) (%)

226 (26.6)

169 (26.4)

57 (26.9)

High (≥ 13) (%)

173 (20.3)

148 (23.2)

25 (11.8)

Personal accomplishment

Median (IQR)

37 (31–42)

37 (31–42)

37 (31–42)

0.961

Low (≥ 39) (%)

356 (41.8)

262 (41)

94 (44.3)

Moderate (32–38) (%)

280 (32.9)

216 (33.8)

64 (30.2)

High (0–31) (%)

215 (25.3)

161 (25.2)

54 (25.5)

Total score of MBI

Median (IQR)

64 (52–78)

67 (54–81)

59 (49–71)

 < 0.001*

Low-Moderate (≤ 64) (%)

429 (50.4)

297 (46.5)

132 (62.3)

High (> 64) (%)

422 (49.6)

342 (53.5)

80 (37.7)

Conditions for work effectiveness questionnaire (CWEQ-II)

n = 712

n = 538

n = 174

Opportunity

Median (IQR)

12 (10–14)

12 (10–14)

11 (9–13)

 < 0.001*

Low-Moderate (≤ 12) (%)

399 (56.0)

280 (52.0)

119 (68.4)

High (> 12) (%)

313 (44.0)

258 (48.0)

55 (31.6)

Information

Median (IQR)

11 (9–12)

11 (9–12.25)

11 (9–12.25)

0.527

Low-Moderate (≤ 11) (%)

416 (58.4)

324 (60.2)

92 (52.9)

High (> 11) (%)

296 (41.6)

214 (39.8)

82 (47.1)

Support

Median (IQR)

10 (9–12)

10 (9–12)

10 (9–12)

0.635

Low-Moderate (≤ 10) (%)

434 (61.0)

322 (59.9)

112 (64.4)

High (> 10) (%)

278 (39.0)

216 (40.1)

62 (35.6)

Resources

Median (IQR)

9 (8–11)

10 (8–11)

9 (9–11)

0.726

Low-Moderate (≤ 9) (%)

362 (50.8)

268 (49.8)

94 (54.0)

High (> 9) (%)

350 (49.2)

270 (50.2)

80 (46.0)

Total score of CWEQ-II

Median (IQR)

42 (37–47)

42 (37–47)

41 (37.75–46.25)

0.055

Low-Moderate (12–44) (%)

444 (62.4)

321 (59.7)

123 (70.7)

0.009*

High (45–60) (%)

268 (37.6)

217 (40.3)

51 (29.3)