Table 4 Measures of depression and anxiety

Measures of depression included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [86], Behavioural Assessment System for Children-Second Edition (BASC-2) [52], Brief Symptom Inventory (Global Severity Index) [20], Centre for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D) [26, 59,60,61], Child Depression Inventory, short version (CDI-S) [28], Children’s Depression Rating Scale Revised (CDRS-R) [85], Depressogenic Inferential Style Cognitive Style Questionnaire [22], Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) [85], American College Health Association’s (ACHA) National College Health Assessment (NCHA) [23],Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) [82], Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Epidemiologic version (K- SADS-E) [36, 43].

Measures of anxiety included Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS) [67], Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) [79], Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) [82], Impact of Events Scale (IES) [60], Kendall, Henin, Macdonald, and Treadwell's anxiety scale [54], Breslau’s screening scale for PTSD symptoms [27].

Measures of both depression and anxiety included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) [53], the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (depression and anxiety subscales) [33], the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) [40], Youth Self Report (ages 11–18 years) (YSR) and Adult Self-Report (ASR) of Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) [58], National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children IV (NIMH-DISC-IV) [50] and the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45) anxiety, depression and substance use subscale [87].