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Table 5 Relationship of aspects of religiosity and spirituality with depression and anxiety [6, 19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44, 46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61, 94, 108]

From: Religiosity and spirituality in the prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  1. NA not available. F female, m- ethnic minority status, NLE negative life event, NRC negative religious coping, PRC positive religious coping, NE no statistically significant effect, * depressive and anxiety symptoms measured as emotional and behavioural problems or internalizing symptoms,# negative affect on PANAS, reverse- presence/absence of depression/ anxiety influencing religious/spirituality
  2. Protective effect  No effect Exacerbating effect