Table 3 Overview of risk estimates when including or adjusting for the presence of psychiatric comorbidities in adolescents and adults with ADHD
Studies | SSBs | Baseline risk estimates [95%CI] | Psychiatric comorbidities [95%CI] | Comment | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inclusion of psychiatric comorbidities | Fitzgerald C. et al. (2019) [22] | Suicidal behavior | IRR 4.09 [3.53–4.73] | ↑ | IRR 10.43 [9.53–11.41] | Reference: No psychiatric disorder (IRR 1.0) |
Kakuszi B. et al. (2018) [32] | Suicidal ideation | ADHD only OR 1.0 (reference) | NS | Males: OR 1.11 [0.25–4.85] Females: OR 2.64 [0.64–10.87] | ||
Sun S. et al. (2019) [40] | Suicide | ADHD only HR 1.0 (reference) | ↑ | HR 9.10 [3.95–20.98] * HR 8.96 [3.89–20.66] ** | *Adjusted for birth year and sex **Further adjusted for birth weight, maternal age at birth, parental educational level, and parental employment status | |
Adjustment for psychiatric comorbidities | Fuller-Thomson E. et al. (2020) [27] | Suicide attempt | OR 3.27 [2.39–4.48] * | ↓ | OR 1.56 [1.08–2.25] ** | *Only adjusted for demographics and socioeconomic status **Further adjusted for lifetime history of mental illness, chronic pain, and childhood adversities |
Hirvikoski T. et al. (2020) [30] | Suicide attempt | ASD + ADHD: OR 7.25 [6.79–7.73] ASD + ID + ADHD: OR 5.60 [4.70–6.68] | ↓ | ASD + ADHD: OR 2.31 [2.11–2.53] ASD + ID + ADHD: OR 2.90 [2.36–3.57] | Adjusted for depression, anxiety, and SUD | |
Ljung T. et al. (2014) [50] | SA and CS | SA: OR 8.46 [8.07–8.87] CS: OR 12.22 [8.67–17.22] | ↓ | SA: OR 3.62 [3.29–3.98] CS: OR 5.91 [2.45–14.27] | Adjusted for comorbid psychiatric disorders | |
Olsson P. et al. (2022) [20] | Suicide attempt | OR 1.70 [1.05–2.79] | NS | OR 1.58 [0.96–2.60] | Adjusted for depression and EUPD | |
Ruchkin V. et al. (2017) [39] | SI and SA | SI: OR 8.84 [1.00–74.07] SA: OR 13.50 [1.53–119.02] | ↓ | SI: OR 0.18–10.61 * SA: OR 0.342–17.67 ** | *Significant: ADHD x drug dependence (OR 10.61, 95%CI [1.39–80.73]) **Significant: ADHD x alcohol dependence (OR 9.61, 95%CI [1.58–58.27]) | |
Yoshimasu K. et al. (2019) [42] | Suicidality | OR 2.42 [1.51–3.86] | ↓ | OR 1.94 [1.19–3.15] | Adjusted for the presence of any of the psychiatric disorders included in the study |