Table 1 Study population characteristics and neuropsychological function scores for the HELIX subcohort
From: Blood miRNA levels associated with ADHD traits in children across six European birth cohorts
| Â | BiB | EDEN | INMA | KANC | MoBa | RHEA | Total | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 166) | (N = 87) | (N = 314) | (N = 153) | (N = 249) | (N = 157) | (N = 1126) | ||
Child sex | ||||||||
 Male | 91 (54.8%) | 50 (57.5%) | 164 (52.2%) | 84 (54.9%) | 131 (52.6%) | 88 (56.1%) | 608 (54.0%) | 0.9273a |
 Female | 75 (45.2%) | 37 (42.5%) | 150 (47.8%) | 69 (45.1%) | 118 (47.4%) | 69 (43.9%) | 518 (46.0%) |  |
Child age | ||||||||
 Years | 6.64 [6.15, 7.33] | 10.8 [9.28, 12.0] | 8.99 [7.56, 10.7] | 6.41 [5.44, 7.81] | 8.45 [6.92, 9.80] | 6.46 [6.02, 7.54] | 8.17 [5.44, 12.0] |  < .0001b |
Child ancestry | ||||||||
 European | 74 (44.6%) | 87 (100%) | 281 (89.5%) | 153 (100%) | 238 (95.6%) | 157 (100%) | 990 (87.9%) |  < .0001a |
 Non-European | 92 (55.4%) | 0 (0%) | 33 (10.5%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (4.4%) | 0 (0%) | 136 (12.1%) |  |
SES | ||||||||
 Low | 47 (28.3%) | 0 (0%) | 30 (9.6%) | 20 (13.1%) | 3 (1.2%) | 27 (17.2%) | 127 (11.3%) |  < .0001a |
 Medium | 73 (44.0%) | 18 (20.7%) | 115 (36.6%) | 84 (54.9%) | 69 (27.7%) | 76 (48.4%) | 435 (38.6%) |  |
 High | 46 (27.7%) | 69 (79.3%) | 166 (52.9%) | 48 (31.4%) | 177 (71.1%) | 54 (34.4%) | 560 (49.7%) |  |
  (Missing) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (0.4%) |  |
Maternal age | ||||||||
 Years | 28.0 [16.0, 42.0] | 30.1 [20.2, 40.8] | 32.1 [18.2, 43.0] | 28.5 [19.2, 43.5] | 32.0 [24.0, 43.0] | 30.9 [17.0, 42.3] | 31.0 [16.0, 43.5] |  < .0001b |
Maternal education | ||||||||
 Low | 76 (45.8%) | 8 (9.2%) | 75 (23.9%) | 9 (5.9%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (4.5%) | 175 (15.5%) |  < .0001a |
 Medium | 21 (12.7%) | 33 (37.9%) | 117 (37.3%) | 56 (36.6%) | 48 (19.3%) | 90 (57.3%) | 365 (32.4%) |  |
 High | 51 (30.7%) | 44 (50.6%) | 97 (30.9%) | 85 (55.6%) | 191 (76.7%) | 58 (36.9%) | 526 (46.7%) |  |
  (Missing) | 18 (10.8%) | 2 (2.3%) | 25 (8.0%) | 3 (2.0%) | 10 (4.0%) | 2 (1.3%) | 60 (5.3%) |  |
Conner’s | ||||||||
 ADHD Index | 98.2 [66.4, 134] | 99.5 [82.1, 135] | 104 [74.9, 136] | 107 [65.2, 130] | 91.8 [70.8, 132] | 104 [67.5, 136] | 101 [65.2, 136] |  < .0001b |
 Hyperactivity | 97.8 [65.9, 134] | 102 [92.3, 127] | 101 [84.8, 134] | 107 [54.5, 135] | 89.3 [74.5, 122] | 102 [63.7, 130] | 98.7 [54.5, 135] |  < .0001b |
 Inattention | 91.6 [79.4, 135] | 93.6 [82.4, 133] | 105 [80.7, 134] | 111 [78.7, 131] | 92.3 [80.1, 134] | 98.4 [79.4, 134] | 99.3 [78.7, 135] |  < .0001b |
  (Missing) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (2.5%) | 7 (0.6%) |  |
CBCL | ||||||||
 ADHD Problems | 102 [73.0, 126] | 101 [82.1, 136] | 105 [77.6, 135] | 107 [70.5, 130] | 90.2 [75.6, 129] | 102 [73.5, 134] | 101 [70.5, 136] |  < .0001b |
  (Missing) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.3%) | 5 (0.4%) |  |
ANT | ||||||||
 HRT-SE | 104 [66.1, 126] | 106 [79.7, 141] | 99.2 [64.5, 142] | 105 [68.7, 132] | 95.0 [63.6, 136] | 99.8 [61.5, 129] | 100 [61.5, 142] |  < .0001b |
 Zeros | 96.6 [58.2, 143] | 106 [98.2, 139] | 100 [82.8, 128] | 91.5 [28.7, 148] | 99.6 [78.0, 141] | 97.5 [57.3, 147] | 100 [28.7, 148] |  < .0001b |
 Omissions | 96.8 [59.6, 145] | 111 [102,126] | 102 [84.1, 145] | 103 [40.8, 167] | 96.4 [73.6, 132] | 91.3 [45.3, 150] | 100 [40.8, 167] |  < .0001b |
 Conflict | 99.3 [51.0, 172] | 100 [45.1, 134] | 99.2 [58.8, 149] | 99.8 [27.0, 136] | 98.9 [69.8, 204] | 97.9 [-5.19, 172] | 99.3 [-5.19, 204] | 0.7730b |
  (Missing) | 3 (1.8%) | 6 (6.9%) | 3 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (1.1%) |  |
N-back | ||||||||
 d’ | 98.3 [68.5, 147] | 95.9 [62.8, 131] | 101 [60.8, 142] | NA | 102 [63.6, 139] | 102 [68.4, 149] | 101 [60.8, 149] | 0.0864b |
  (Missing) | 26 (15.7%) | 7 (8.0%) | 8 (2.5%) | 153 (100%) | 10 (4.0%) | 15 (9.6%) | 219 (19.4%) |  |