Table 1 Summary of characteristics of studies in the current meta-analysis
Study (year) | Diagnosis (Criteria) | Design | Comparison | N | Duration (weeks) | Frequency (Hz) | Intensity of stimulation | Number of sessions | Outcome | Medications | Mean age (years) | Female (%) | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bleich-Cohen M (2021) [18] | ADHD (DSM-5) | RCT | rTMS: rPFC | 24 | 3 | 18 | 120% of RMT | 15 | Sustain attention: Mindstreams attention Working memory: Mindstreams memory Processing speed: Mindstreams information Processing Executive control: Mindstreams Executive function | Allowed only SSRI and SNRI Not allowed neuroleptics or psychostimulant | 35.1 (18–60) | 34.7 | Israel | |
rTMS: lPFC | 22 | |||||||||||||
Sham | 16 | |||||||||||||
Alyagon U (2020) [20] | ADHD(DSM-5) | RCT | rTMS: rPFC | 15 | 3 | 18 | 120% of RMT | 15 | Sustain attention: Mindstreams attention Working memory: Mindstreams memory Processing speed: Mindstreams information Processing Executive control: Mindstreams Executive function | Not allowed psychostimulant | 27.1 (21–64) | 82.76 | Israel | |
Sham | 14 | |||||||||||||
Cao P (2018) [30] | ADHD (DSM-5) | RCT | rTMS: rPFC + ATX | 21 | 6 | 10 | 100% of RMT | 30 | Sustain attention: CPT Working memory: Digit span Processing speed: WISC – coding Executive control: IGT | All participants used atomoxetine | 8.53 (6–13) | 15.63 | China | |
ATX only | 19 | |||||||||||||
Paz Y (2018) [19] | ADHD (DSM-5) | RCT | rTMS: bil.PFC | 12 | 4 | 18 | 120% of RMT | 20 | Sustain attention: T.O.V.A | Not allowed any neuropsychiatric medications | 31.6 (≥ 18) | 46.15 | Israel | |
Sham | 14 | |||||||||||||
Loughead J NCT03663179 | ADHD (SCID-5) | RCT | rTMS: lPFC | 18 | 4 | 10 | 120% of RMT | 20 | Sustain attention: CPT | N/A | 34.4 (18–65) | 33 | USA | |
Sham | 14 | |||||||||||||