Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression predicting risk and protective factors for cannabis and amphetamine use

Demographics

Gender

< 0.001

0.010

Male

1

1

Female

-0.039

0.41 [0.31, 0.55]

-0.018

0.64 [0.45, 0.90]

Age

12 years

1

1

13 years

0.000

1.47 [0.67, 3.25]

0.335

-0.009

0.98 [0.41, 2.33]

0.965

14 years

-0.003

1.46 [0.68, 3.15]

0.335

-0.028

0.49 [0.20, 1.22]

0.126

15 years

0.017

2.26 [1.08, 4.70]

0.030

-0.017

0.86 [0.38, 1.96]

0.729

16 years

0.021

2.54 [1.22, 5.31]

0.013

-0.027

0.73 [0.32, 1.71]

0.417

17 years

0.018

2.48 [1.14, 5.40]

0.022

-0.157

0.85 [0.36, 2.01]

0.713

Mental health factors

Anxiety

-0.008

1.16 [0.86, 1.56]

0.346

-0.000

1.17 [0.78, 1.74]

0.442

Loneliness

-0.016

0.94 [0.70, 1.27]

0.700

-0.015

0.82 [0.56, 1.20]

0.298

Suicidal ideation

-0.027

0.63 [0.44, 0.89]

0.009

-0.016

0.78 [0.52, 1.17]

0.232

Suicidal attempt

0.055

2.21 [1.57. 3.09]

< 0.001

0.102

3.65 [2.49, 5.36]

< 0.001

Lifestyle factors

Cigarette smoking

0.335

10.38 [7.77, 13.87]

< 0.001

0.132

3.84 [2.58, 5.71]

< 0.001

Past-month alcohol use

0.061

2.82 [2.01, 3.97]

< 0.001

0.040

2.14 [1.36, 3.35]

0.001

Lifetime drunkenness

0.087

2.64 [1.89, 3.67]

< 0.001

0.079

3.16 [2.00, 4.96]

< 0.001

Leisure-time sedentary behaviour

0.019

1.30 [1.00, 1.70]

0.048

0.021

1.41 [0.99, 1.99]

0.054

School-level factors

Truancy

0.058

1.96 [1.51, 2.55]

< 0.001

0.063

2.59 [1.84, 3.66]

< 0.001

Bullying victimization

0.010

1.42 [1.08, 1.86]

0.013

0.029

1.71 [1.20, 2.44]

0.003

Social support at school

-0.008

0.77 [0.54, 1.11]

0.160

-0.020

0.64 [0.43, 0.96]

0.032

Interpersonal-level factors

Number of close friends

0.001

0.96 [0.60, 1.52]

0.848

-0.013

0.62 [0.39, 1.00]

0.052

Physical fight

0.016

1.17 [0.89, 1.54]

0.250

0.016

1.26 [0.89, 1.80]

0.195

Family-level factors

Parental supervision

-0.008

0.85 [0.63, 1.13]

0.266

0.015

1.22 [0.82, 1.82]

0.320

Parental understanding

-0.003

0.98 [0.71, 1.33]

0.876

0.004

1.10 [0.73, 1.65]

0.646

Parental monitoring

0.000

0.96 [0.70, 1.31]

0.785

-0.019

0.64 [0.43, 0.94]

0.022

Parental intrusion of privacy

0.009

1.12 [0.85, 1.46]

0.423

0.019

1.36 [0.96, 1.93]

0.087

Parental tobacco use

0.058

2.12 [1.62, 2.78]

< 0.001

0.035

1.63 [1.13, 2.37]

0.010

Country

Benin

1

1

Ghana

0.037

6.26 [2.40, 16.3]

< 0.001

0.033

3.07 [1.37, 6.88]

0.006

Liberia

0.039

6.05 [2.39, 15.3]

< 0.001

0.006

1.12 [0.47, 2.70]

0.799

Mauritius

0.041

4.39 [1.97, 9.80]

< 0.001

-0.028

0.43 [0.20, 0.94]

0.035

Mozambique

0.021

2.59 [0.90, 7.42]

0.077

-0.004

0.73 [0.25, 2.16]

0.570

Namibia

0.034

3.31 [1.44, 7.14]

0.004

0.031

1.39 [0.72, 2.69]

0.329

Seychelles

0.027

4.03 [1.79, 9.06]

0.001

-0.055

0.32 [0.14, 0.70]

0.005

Tanzania

0.047

3.54 [1.38, 9.10]

0.009

0.011

1.26 [0.55, 2.89]

0.579

Cox & Snell R²

0.105

0.048

Nagelkerke R²

0.445

0.329

Hosmer–Lemeshow GOF test (sig.)

8.25 (0.4094)

7.03 (0.5334)

Overall % correctly classified

97.14%

98.52%