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Table 1 Socio-economic characteristics of case-groups and controls

From: Clinical implications of ADHD, ASD, and their co-occurrence in early adulthood—the prospective ABIS-study

 

ADHDa (n = 182)

P value

ASDb (n = 78)

P value

Co-occurrencec (n = 51)

P value

Controls (n = 5860)

Case groups comparisons

Participation 17–19 year follow-up

 

 < .001

 

.025

 

.003

 

a-b*

 Yes

182 (25.2%)

 

78 (31.6%)

 

51 (27.9%)

 

5860 (38.6%)

 

 No

541 (74.8%)

 

169 (68.4%)

 

132 (72.1%)

 

9340 (61.4%)

 

Sex

 

.093

 

.002

 

.013

  

 Male

94 (51.6%)

 

49 (62.8%)

 

32 (62.7%)

 

2657 (45.3%)

 

 Female

88 (48.4%)

 

29 (37.2%)

 

19 (37.3%)

 

3202 (54.7%)

 

Occupation

 

.219

 

.001

 

 < .001

 

a-c**

 Study/working

150 (88.2%)

 

61 (80.3%)

 

36 (72.0%)

 

5147 (91.0%)

 

 Unemployed

20 (11.8%)

 

15 (19.7%)

 

14 (28%)

 

510 (9.0%)

 

Enough money compared with friends

 

 < .001

 

.001

 

 < .001

  

 Always/often

120 (76.9%)

 

62 (84.9%)

 

36 (78.3%)

 

5120 (94.0%)

 

 Never/seldom

36 (23.1%)

 

11 (15.1%)

 

10 (21.7%)

 

325 (6.0%)

 
  1. Abbreviations: ADHD Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ASD Autism spectrum disorder. Values are presented as absolute numbers (percentage of cases/controls). All p-values were calculated for each case group against the control group from Chi-squared test. * P < .05, ** P < .01 and *** P < .001. Case-groups comparisons column indicates between which case-groups were found statistically significant differences (a: ADHD, b: ASD, c: Co-occurrence), and its magnitude