Table 3 Psychosocial vulnerabilities among case-groups and healthy controls
ADHDa (n = 182) | P value | ASDb (n = 78) | P value | Co-occurrencec (n = 51) | P value | Controls (n = 5860) | Case groups comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serious life event index | < .001 | .262 | < .001 | |||||
None | 100 (54.9%) | 42 (53.8%) | 22 (43.1%) | 3364 (57.4%) | ||||
1–2 | 65 (35.7%) | 31 (39.7%) | 20 (39.2%) | 2310 (39.4%) | ||||
> 3 | 17 (9.3%) | 5 (6.4%) | 9 (17.6%) | 186 (3.2%) | ||||
Death/illness family | .691 | .934 | .015 | |||||
Yes | 53 (29.1%) | 22 (28.2%) | 22 (43.1%) | 1628 (27.8%) | ||||
No | 129 (70.9%) | 56 (71.8%) | 29 (56.9%) | 4232 (72.2%) | ||||
Unstable family situation | .113 | .240 | .013 | |||||
Yes | 41 (22.5%) | 18 (23.1%) | 16 (31.4%) | 1051 (17.9%) | ||||
No | 141 (77.5%) | 60 (76.9%) | 35 (68.6%) | 4809 (82.1%) | ||||
Sexually abused | .079 | .766 | .756 | |||||
Yes | 10 (5.5%) | 2 (2.6%) | 2 (3.9%) | 185 (3.2%) | ||||
No | 172 (94.5%) | 76 (97.4%) | 49 (96.1%) | 5675 (96.8%) | ||||
Physically abuse | < .001 | .794 | .380 | |||||
Yes | 14 (7.7%) | 2 (2.6%) | 2 (3.9%) | 125 (2.1%) | ||||
No | 168 (92.3%) | 76 (97.4%) | 49 (96.1%) | 5735 (97.9%) | ||||
Robbery victim | < .001 | .740 | .972 | |||||
Yes | 12 (6.6%) | 2 (2.6%) | 1 (2.0%) | 119 (2.0%) | ||||
No | 170 (93.4%) | 76 (97.4%) | 50 (98.0%) | 5741 (98.0%) | ||||
Social authorities support | .003 | .003 | < .001 | a-c* | ||||
Yes | 7 (3.8%) | 4 (5.1%) | 6 (11.8%) | 75 (1.3%) | ||||
No | 175 (96.2%) | 74 (94.9%) | 45 (88.2%) | 5785 (98.7%) | ||||
Performance at school/work | < .001 | .440 | .023 | |||||
Bad | 13 (9.2%) | 3 (5.6%) | 4 (11.8%) | 181 (3.7%) | ||||
Good | 55 (38.7%) | 13 (24.1%) | 13 (38.2%) | 1534 (31.4%) | ||||
Very good | 74 (52.1%) | 38 (70.4%) | 17 (50.0%) | 3176 (64.9%) | ||||
Faith in the future | .004 | < .001 | < .001 | |||||
Hopeless | 13 (8.1%) | 10 (14.1%) | 5 (10.9%) | 204 (3.7%) | ||||
Moderate | 52 (32.3%) | 27 (38.0%) | 21 (45.7%) | 1515 (27.6%) | ||||
Hopeful | 96 (59.6%) | 34 (47.9%) | 20 (43.5%) | 3765 (68.7%) | ||||
Perceived stress | .002 | .248 | .836 | a-b* | ||||
Low | 34 (24.6%) | 21 (31.3%) | 9 (20.5%) | 1195 (24.3%) | ||||
Moderate | 47 (34.1%) | 32 (47.8%) | 22 (50.0%) | 2312 (47.0%) | ||||
High | 57 (41.3%) | 14 (20.9%) | 13 (29.5%) | 1416 (28.8%) | ||||
Control over life | .007 | < .001 | .071 | |||||
No control | 21 (15.0%) | 15 (22.1%) | 7 (16.7%) | 380 (7.7%) | ||||
Moderate | 57 (40.7%) | 30 (44.1%) | 19 (45.2%) | 2136 (43.4%) | ||||
Full control | 62 (44.3%) | 23 (33.8%) | 16 (38.1%) | 2404 (48.9%) | ||||
Bully victim | .060 | .660 | < .001 | b-c* | ||||
Never/seldom | 131 (90.3%) | 65 (92.9%) | 36 (80.0%) | 4885 (94.1%) | ||||
Sometimes/often/always | 14 (9.7%) | 5 (7.1%) | 9 (20.0%) | 306 (5.9%) | ||||
Social support | .019 | .042 | .005 | |||||
Yes | 130 (89.7%) | 62 (88.6%) | 38 (84.4%) | 4890 (94.3%) | ||||
No | 15 (10.3%) | 8 (11.4%) | 7 (15.6%) | 296 (5.7%) | ||||
Feeling depressed | .001 | .142 | .029 | |||||
Never/seldom/sometimes | 91 (65.5%) | 48 (69.6%) | 25 (62.5%) | 3868 (77.1%) | ||||
Regularly | 48 (34.5%) | 21 (30.4%) | 15 (37.5%) | 1151 (22.9%) | ||||
Feeling worried/anxious | .003 | .255 | .011 | |||||
Never/seldom/sometimes | 79 (56.8%) | 43 (62.3%) | 20 (50.0%) | 3441 (68.7%) | ||||
Regularly | 60 (43.2%) | 26 (37.7%) | 20 (50.0%) | 1566 (31.3%) | ||||
Concentration difficulties | < .001 | < .001 | .022 | |||||
Never/seldom/sometimes | 59 (42.4%) | 35 (50.7%) | 22 (55.0%) | 3583 (71.5%) | ||||
Regularly | 80 (57.6%) | 34 (49.3%) | 18 (45.0%) | 1429 (28.5%) |